There are two types of kidney cancer: hypernephroma and renal pelvis cancer. Hypernephroma has risk factors such as smoking and prescription drug abuse. Symptoms include blood in urine and a lump in the stomach. Tests include physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests. Treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy. Prognosis depends on the stage of the disease and the patient’s age and health.
There are two primary but distinct types of kidney cancer: hypernephroma, also called renal cell cancer, and renal pelvis cancer. Hypernephroma occurs when malignant cells are discovered in the lining of the tiny renal tubules of one or both kidneys. The tubules are responsible for filtering the blood, removing waste by-products, and producing urine. If the cancer originates in the area where urine is stored and drained, it is called renal pelvis cancer.
Hypernephroma has several risk factors associated with it. They include smoking, abusing prescription pain pills, and abusing over-the-counter pain pills over a long period of time. Other risk factors include a genetic predisposition to the disease or even a related genetic condition affecting the kidneys such as hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma or von Hippel-Lindau disease.
As with many forms of cancer, there are some signs that a person may have hypernephroma. Among the most significant signs are blood in the urine and a lump-like mass in the stomach area; however, they can also signify other medical conditions. In the early stages, there may be no symptoms at all. However, as the tumor grows larger, additional symptoms may appear. Other symptoms may include persistent pain in the side of the body, loss of appetite, and anemia.
There are tests that can be conducted to determine if someone has hypernephroma. Some of the most basic tests are the physical exam – to check for lumps or other unusual medical problems – and the blood test – to determine how much toxins are being released into the bloodstream and to see if the kidneys are malfunctioning to their full potential. Urinalysis and liver function tests may also be completed. A variety of imaging tests, such as intravenous pyelograms, ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs, may be done. The biopsy is among the most invasive and allows the pathologist to check under the microscope for the presence of cancerous cells.
Although hypernephroma is treatable, the prognosis depends on two main factors. First, it depends on the stage of the disease. In later stages, it can be more difficult to cure, especially if it has spread throughout the body. There are tests that can be completed to find out if the cancer has spread to the entire kidney or other parts of the body. Unfortunately, cancer spreads easily through the blood and infects the veins of the body in an attempt to spread to other organs. Secondly, it depends on the age of the patient and his general health. The healthier the patient, the easier the treatment.
There are several ways to treat people with this condition and many more are being tested in the clinical stages. Surgery is the standard treatment for someone with the disease. Surgery may involve various stages of removal, ranging from a portion of the kidney to the entire kidney, or the kidney and some of the surrounding tissue. The other standard forms of treatment include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy.
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