IBS affects the nerves and muscles of the intestines, causing constipation, diarrhea, cramping, and abdominal pain. The cause is unknown, but triggers include food, stress, and hormonal changes. Treatment includes medication, dietary changes, exercise, and relaxation techniques. It is a chronic condition, but management can provide relief.
Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a condition that affects the nerves and muscles of the intestines. The intestines aren’t working as they should. IBS affects up to 15% of the US population. Typical symptoms of the condition include constipation, diarrhea, cramping and abdominal pain. The level of discomfort can vary from day to day.
The exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome is not known, but there are several possibilities. Since there are no visible changes in the gut, such as tumors, infections or deformities, some researchers believe the problem may be neurological, a problem with the nerves leading from the gut to the brain, or even with the brain itself. IBS can also be an immune disorder, where the body attacks itself by mistake. It can be triggered by a severe bout of stomach flu or other intestinal illness.
There are several things that can trigger an episode. Food, especially spicy foods, can trigger an episode, as can gas trapped in the intestines. Stress and hormonal changes can also cause an episode. Some medications can temporarily worsen the intensity of the disorder. Most sufferers experience constipation or regular diarrhea, although some have alternating bouts of both. Almost constant stomach cramps are also very common. Other common symptoms include mucus in the stool, bloating, and an overly sensitive stomach.
Treatments for IBS vary from person to person. There are some medications available that can provide relief from some of the symptoms. Dietary changes are the most commonly recommended treatment. Avoiding trigger foods, such as broccoli and cabbage, or foods high in caffeine or sugar, can reduce the intensity of symptoms. Limiting fatty foods can also help.
Regular exercise, such as swimming or running, can help regulate your bowels and reduce stress. Other relaxation techniques, such as yoga, meditation, or progressive breathing, can reduce the occurrence of episodes. Psychotherapy can also help if the level of stress a person is experiencing cannot be reduced in other ways.
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition. By working closely with a doctor, you may get some relief from your symptoms or even experience fewer episodes. Being informed, learning about personal triggers, and getting support are all ways to manage the disorder. It is possible to live well despite a diagnosis of IBS.
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