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Immunodeficiency is a medical condition where the immune system doesn’t function properly, leaving patients vulnerable to infection. Causes range from congenital to acquired, and treatments vary from immunoglobulin injections to stem cell transplants. Patients and their families must take precautions to avoid exposure to infectious agents.
Immunodeficiency is a medical condition in which a patient’s immune system does not function normally, leaving them vulnerable to infection. A patient with immunodeficiency is said to be immunodeficient. There are numerous causes and potential treatments for immune system malfunctions which can range from immunoglobulin injections to hospitalization and isolation to minimize exposure to infectious agents.
In some patients, the deficiencies in immune function are congenital and the patient has what is known as a primary immunodeficiency. These conditions are usually caused by the lack of production of some cells involved in the immune system, as in the case of Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia, in which the production of B lymphocytes is insufficient and the patient has impaired immune function. Primary immunodeficiency can be hereditary or the result of a spontaneous mutation.
Most commonly, immunodeficiency is acquired as a result of a disease or the use of certain medications. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infamously causes immune deficiencies, as do a number of drugs, such as drugs used in chemotherapy. A state of immunodeficiency may also be deliberately induced, classically in the case of an organ transplant, in which the patient takes drugs to suppress the immune system to reduce the risk of rejection of the donor organ.
Doctors can diagnose patients as immunodeficient with the use of blood tests and an interview with the patient. Depending on what’s causing the immunodeficiency, treatments can vary. Specific immunoglobulins may be introduced to the patient to address the deficiency, for example, or the patient may be offered a stem cell transplant. Particular attention should also be paid to immunodeficient patients to reduce their exposure to potentially infectious agents. This care includes regular hand washing, the use of prophylactic antibiotics before surgical procedures, avoiding sick people, and cooking food thoroughly.
In a patient who has an immune deficiency, a minor infection can become fatal. The patient also usually struggles with constant low-grade disease due to the faulty immune system, which makes it difficult for the patient to fight off the harmful substances he is exposed to. The patient’s family and friends should observe a number of precautions to avoid making the patient ill, which may include wearing masks around the patient, avoiding contact with the patient while they are sick, washing hands frequently, and maintaining the patient’s environment. patient as clean as possible.
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