Intoeing, or pigeon toes, is common in young children and usually resolves on its own. It can be caused by skeletal rotations in the feet, calf, or thigh. Metatarsus adductus and tibial and femoral torsion are also common but typically resolve without medical intervention. Surgery is only necessary in severe cases.
Intoeing is usually seen in young children when the toes point inward, rather than straight or slightly outward. It is often referred to as pigeon toes and can feel like a knee. It results from one of three skeletal rotations at different points, namely bending the feet themselves, twisting the calf or twisting the thigh. The condition is painless and usually resolves on its own as the child grows and does not normally require specific treatment or orthopedic bracing.
Many parents become concerned when they notice ingestion in their children and seek medical attention. It is rarely an ongoing problem and usually resolves on its own over time. Diagnosing which type of entrance is present is made by a doctor by taking a series of rotation angle measurements along the legs. Intoeing does not cause any pain and usually does not affect the child’s ability to move. If pain is present, a medical evaluation for an alternative diagnosis should be sought.
Metatarsus adductus or varus is a flexion of the ball of the foot, while the heel and lower leg are straight. It is commonly seen in newborns and is thought to be mainly caused by the position of the baby while still in the womb. It can only be seen on one foot and generally resolves on its own. Some doctors may recommend gentle stretching exercises to help the process.
Tibial torsion, or an inward rotation of the tibia, which is the long, thick bone that connects the foot to the knee, usually becomes apparent as a child begins to walk. This too can be caused by the positioning of the baby in the uterus or can be inherited genetically. It is often seen in one leg more than the other and resolves as the legs grow.
Femoral torsion is usually diagnosed in young children, older than three years of age. It is due to a rotation of the femur or femur, which is the thick bone that joins the knees to the hips. Usually due to genetic predisposition, it is most commonly bilateral, affecting both legs equally. This rotational condition does not usually affect functioning.
Regardless of the source of consumption, most cases are considered part of the developmental stages of normal childhood growth, require no medical intervention, and resolve on their own. Very rarely, in severe cases, or that do not resolve on their own, surgery may be performed if the rotation causes lifestyle problems or is disfiguring on the patient.
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