Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a condition where a fetus experiences stunted growth due to insufficient nutrients from the mother, which can result in preterm delivery or even intrauterine death. It can be caused by various factors such as maternal health, placenta problems, and infections. Regular monitoring is required to manage IUGR cases.
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is impaired fetal development that occurs in utero. Also known as intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR is a serious condition often triggered by insufficient passage of nutrients from a mother to her unborn child. Suspected cases of intrauterine growth retardation may be closely monitored and preterm delivery may be required. The presence of intrauterine growth retardation can also result in intrauterine death.
As a fetus develops, its progress is closely monitored to ensure that its development occurs normally. Established developmental markers are used to monitor the development of the fetus in relation to its gestational age, which is calculated in weeks. The normal gestation period for babies from conception to delivery is 38 to 42 weeks. Infants born before 37 weeks are considered premature and are closely monitored.
The most common sign that the fetus may be suffering from intrauterine growth retardation is its small size. Pregnant women are sometimes able to intuitively know if the fetus is too small. Their suspicions may prompt an early doctor’s visit and further tests, usually an ultrasound, to determine if the fetus meets the gestational growth requirements. Other times, IUGR is usually detected during a routine doctor visit, at which time an ultrasound may be done to assess the condition of the fetus.
While in utero, a fetus that is not getting adequate nutrients from its mother may experience stunted growth and fail to meet developmental requirements. There are a variety of factors that influence fetal development, including the mother’s overall health. Pregnant women who have been diagnosed with heart disease or high blood pressure may be vulnerable to underfeeding nutrition resulting in IUGR. In some cases, intrauterine growth retardation may occur due to problems with the placenta, such as placenta previa or the presence of disease or infection.
Viral and parasitic infections, such as rubella and toxoplasmosis, can disrupt the flow of proper nutrition from mother to child and contribute to intrauterine growth restriction. The presence of a sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as syphilis, can also negatively impact fetal development. Pregnant women who smoke or do not get adequate nutrients often have an increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation.
The prognosis associated with intrauterine growth retardation depends entirely on the cause of the condition and its impact on fetal development at the time of diagnosis. The risk of complications for both mother and child increases markedly in the presence of intrauterine growth retardation and may sometimes require premature abdominal delivery. Most IUGR cases require regular monitoring of fetal development for any changes that may require delivery.
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