Ischemic cardiomyopathy, also known as congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition caused by impaired arterial function or coronary artery disease. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and decreased stamina. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medications and surgery if necessary.
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a serious medical condition characterized by the inability of the heart to function properly. Also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), ischemic cardiomyopathy is commonly associated with impaired arterial function or coronary artery disease. Because ischemic cardiomyopathy is considered a chronic condition, treatment often focuses on managing symptoms and generally involves giving several medications to improve circulation and heart function, and lower blood pressure.
In most cases, ischemic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of disease or damage that has adversely affected the heart muscle. Inflammation, birth defects, and arrhythmias are known to contribute to the development of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Congestive heart failure can also occur when there is impaired valve function, residual damage from a heart attack, or high blood pressure. Certain behavioral and lifestyle factors can also increase the chances of developing ischemic cardiomyopathy, including heavy alcohol consumption, recreational drug use, and poor diet.
Once the organ is weakened, it can be difficult for the heart to recover and keep up with the demands placed on it by the various systems of the body. The heart can begin to deteriorate, losing its flexibility and failing to pump sufficiently or properly. If blood fails to circulate properly through the heart, it will begin to pool or pool in areas surrounding the damaged heart muscle. Blood that accumulates in the vessels, arteries, and organs surrounding the heart can contribute to impaired organ function and circulation.
Congestive heart failure is usually diagnosed after a series of diagnostic tests. Blood tests are usually done to evaluate thyroid and kidney function and to determine the presence of any markers suggestive of infection or decreased heart function. Tests administered to evaluate the electrical conductivity, rhythm, and pumping ability of the heart muscle may include an echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and exercise stress test. Imaging tests can also be used to evaluate blood circulation through the muscle and the physical presentation of the heart.
The symptoms of ischemic cardiomyopathy can vary depending on the severity of the damage to the heart, i.e. whether it is acute or chronic. Individuals with a chronic presentation of the disease may experience shortness of breath, pronounced fatigue, and decreased stamina for physical activity that gets worse over time. Acute forms of CHF can include severe angina, pronounced fluid retention, and palpitations. Left untreated, CHF can impair organ function, leading to widespread organ failure and increasing the risk of blood clots and strokes.
Whether the onset of symptoms is acute or gradual, ischemic cardiomyopathy is a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment. A variety of medications are typically used to stabilize and manage the various contributing factors. Diuretics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often prescribed to relieve fluid retention, reduce stress on the heart, and lower blood pressure. In cases with severe arterial blockage, surgery may be needed to restore proper blood flow to the heart muscle. Implantable defibrillators and heart pumps may also be needed to help restore proper heart rhythm or as an alternative to a heart transplant.
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