Isobutylene is a hazardous chemical used in high-octane fuel, organic compounds, plastics, and synthetic rubber production. It is highly flammable and explosive, requiring special precautions for storage and handling. Exposure to human contact can cause skin irritation, frostbite, dizziness, and unconsciousness. Disposal should be done with expert advice and protective gear.
Isobutylene is a chemical compound that is usually used in the production of high-octane fuel and in the preparation of organic compounds. The chemical structure is C4H8. Related compounds include isobutene, 2-methylpropene and 1-dimethylethylene. At room temperature, isobutylene is a gas and becomes a liquid at extremely low temperatures. It is classified as a hazardous material by the US Department of Transportation.
The production of isobutylene can be achieved by separating the compound from isobutylene sulfide. The isobutylene sulfide is heated and then treated with acid which separates the isobutylene from the sulfur molecules. These chemicals are then usually purified with isobutylene gas which removes the sulfur molecules. The resulting isobutylene is typically 99 percent pure.
Butanes, which are related compounds, are usually produced during the production of gasoline. This is accomplished by reacting butanes with isobutylene or by combining the two molecules to form octenes. Octanes are used to make octane for the production of gasoline. Isobutylene is also used in the production of plastics and comprises 98 percent of the raw materials used in the production of synthetic rubber.
Special precautions are usually needed when working and storing this material. Isobutylene gas is highly flammable and should not be exposed to open flames, sparks or come into contact with oxidizing materials. Smoking is usually not allowed near the gas. Gas and air mixtures are highly explosive; if isobutylene reacts with oxygen in the air, it can cause an explosion. Precautions typically include using an enclosed ventilation system, using non-sparking hand tools, and making sure all electrical equipment is properly grounded.
Exposure to human contact may pose some risks. At room temperature, skin contact is unlikely but may cause irritation. Inhaling the gas can cause dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness. If the skin comes into contact with liquid isobutylene, frostbite may occur. In case of inhalation or ingestion, it is usually recommended to seek immediate medical attention.
Storage of the gaseous and liquid form typically requires a flameproof container. It may be important to keep it separate from any oxidizing agents to help prevent a possible fire or explosion. When disposing of isobutylene, it can be a good idea to always consult an expert. Because it is a hazardous chemical, it should never be disposed of into a sewer or water system. Generally, a chemical protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus should be used when disposing of the material after all sources of ignition have been eliminated.
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