Ketosis is a metabolic state where the body burns fat for energy, producing ketone bodies. It can be achieved through a low-carb diet and may be beneficial for weight loss or controlling epilepsy, but can be dangerous for some people, such as those with a history of alcoholism or diabetes.
Ketosis is a state in which the body burns fat for energy and as a result generates high levels of ketone bodies in the blood. These compounds are the result of the breakdown of fatty acids, and although they are always present in the body, their levels are elevated in people who have reached this state. Substantial research has been done into how people reach this point and what happens metabolically. There is some debate as to whether ketosis is potentially dangerous or even beneficial for some people.
The body’s metabolism works to balance the body’s energy needs by using stored energy from food. One of the preferred forms of energy is glucose. In people on a low-carb diet with limited sources of glucose, the body begins to burn fat for energy instead. In this process, ketone bodies are produced as a byproduct, and if the diet persists, the person will enter ketosis. People in this state usually have slightly fruity breath and dark urine, a reflection of the ketone bodies expressed in the breath and urine.
The conversion of fat to energy means that once people enter this state and maintain it for several days, their fat stores begin to burn off. In people who are trying to lose weight, this is a very desirable outcome. People interested in losing weight should consult a doctor about diet and exercise options to develop a plan, including permanent lifestyle changes, that will be effective for them.
Research in historical humans suggests that ketosis was likely a common state for many early human societies. Hunter-gatherer societies would have eaten a meat-heavy diet with fewer sources of carbohydrates than the modern diet. The body has adapted the ability to use fat for energy for a reason, and some researchers believe this state isn’t necessarily harmful, even though it metabolically mimics hunger. As long as people are getting all the nutrients they need and monitoring their health, this state can be created and maintained to lose weight or to control epilepsy, two common reasons people follow a ketogenic diet.
In some people, this state can turn into ketoacidosis. This is dangerous, as it means the blood is turning acidic and the person could be at risk of serious complications. Generally, people with a history of alcoholism or diabetes are at risk for this condition. These individuals are not good candidates for ketogenic diets and must monitor themselves for early warning signs of ketosis so they can avoid getting sick.
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