Leukapheresis is the removal of a specific type of blood cell, usually white blood cells, from the body for medical treatment. Blood is drawn from one arm, separated in a centrifuge, and the white blood cells are removed before the rest of the blood is returned to the body. The procedure can last up to four hours and may cause side effects such as fatigue and tingling sensations. Patients should limit activity and consume plenty of fluids after treatment. Consultation with a doctor is recommended.
The quick definition of leukapheresis is the removal of blood from the body to collect a specific type of blood cell. After the blood is removed, the remaining blood is sent back to the body for recirculation. It is usually seen with the removal of white blood cells or leukocytes, particularly for people suffering from various forms of leukemia or cancer.
Through the process of leukapheresis, blood is drawn from one arm with the help of a catheter which is inserted into one of the veins. The blood is then removed from the arm and placed in a centrifuge. The centrifuge spins the blood and separates it into various components according to the weight and density of the materials. As a result, blood can be separated into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Typically, the white blood cells are removed and the rest of the cells and blood plasma are returned to the body through another catheter or needle in the opposite arm
Leukapheresis can last from two to four hours. The benefit of the process is that large amounts of blood can be removed from the body during a single procedure; however, the person is not affected because red blood cells and blood plasma are recirculated. The white blood cells are then used for further procedures and to help treat a wide range of medical conditions.
In most cases, an anticoagulant is added to the blood. Doctors do not want blood to clot or form, and adding the coagulant will help prevent such a process from occurring. There may be some side effects of the blood thinner. They include a tingling sensation around the mouth, a shivering sensation throughout the body, and chest vibrations. A calcium solution will usually prevent these side effects from occurring.
Many people may wonder what they should expect after a leukapheresis treatment. In general, most people feel fatigued, so activity should be limited to about 12-24 hours; especially avoid heavy lifting or exercising. As a patient’s platelet count is decreased due to leukapheresis, any activity that may put a risk of bleeding or bruising on the patient’s body should be avoided. Also, consuming plenty of fluids will help your body recover quickly. If dizziness occurs, it is important to support the patient’s feet above their head until the dizziness subsides.
As with any medical procedure, anyone undergoing leukapheresis should consult their doctor with any questions or concerns. While it is not a risky procedure, it is important that the patient feels comfortable and understands the procedure. Also, after the end of the treatment, any questions should be immediately addressed to the attending physician.
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