Light perception involves receiving and interpreting light from the environment through organs or devices, such as the eyes. Processing occurs to transform sensory input into a meaningful perception, which can be impaired by diseases or disorders. Perception requires processing, so people don’t see an exact replica of the world.
Light perception is the process by which an organism or artificial device perceives and interprets light from its environment. For this to happen, the light must first reach some form of organ or device capable of receiving visual inputs, such as the eyes possessed by many organisms. When light strikes the light-receiving organ or device, some form of processing occurs, such as by the brain or a computer system, to transform the sensory input into a meaningful perception. In some cases, the body’s or device’s perception of light may only provide information about whether or not there is light. In other cases, as in the case of human perception, light provides detailed information about the external environment in the form of colors, spatial data and well-defined shapes.
The first part of light perception occurs when light from a source interacts with a sensory organ, such as the human eye. The human eye, as well as many other types of organic and artificial sensory apparatus, can focus on particular environmental features, thus engaging in the selective perception of light. Raw sensory input is converted into neural impulses in the case of human and animal vision or into electrical signals for computerized visual devices. Organs or devices capable of receiving sensory input are unable to perceive on their own, as perception requires processing sensory input.
The neural or electrical impulses are interpreted by the brain which, in humans, produces a detailed representation of the external environment. This elaboration presents an interesting problem for psychologists, cognitive scientists, and even philosophers. Neural processing is a necessary intermediary between the external world and human light perception, so people don’t actually see an exact replica of the world as it objectively is. It is not known exactly how neural processing affects the perception of light and how the perceived world varies from the ‘world itself’.
A wide range of different human diseases and disorders have a deleterious effect on the perception of light. Any direct damage to the eyes or the parts of the brain responsible for processing visual stimuli, for example, can greatly impair or even completely disable the perception of light. Similarly, some people are unable to perceive certain colors or any colors while others are born completely blind. In addition, diseases and disorders such as cataracts, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy can lead to impaired vision. A variety of treatments and therapies, even neural implants, have been developed to combat such perception-based problems.
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