The long jump is a track and field event where athletes jump from a stationary or moving position onto a sand airstrip. The distance is measured from take-off to the first mark of the jumper’s body to touch the ground. The jump must be done behind a certain line and is usually preceded by a short sprint. The take-off is the most important part and can be performed in different ways. The landing is measured from the first part of the body to touch the sand. The long jump has been a popular individual sport since the 19th century and has seen many famous athletes participate in international competitions.
The long jump is a jump in track and field events. Also known as a long jump, it can be performed from a moving or stationary position. The distance of the wide jump is measured from the take-off to the mark of the first part of the jumper to touch the ground. The jump must be done behind a certain line and is usually preceded by a short sprint. The jump landed on the airstrip, which is usually made of fine sand. The long jump, like the high jump, was started in the ancient Olympics in Greece and is popular in modern summer Olympic events.
Jumping involves strength, speed and agility and has featured world-class athletes participating in international competition since the 19th century. It can also be seen at the high school and collegiate levels, and is practiced in physical testing for younger ages. As an individual sport it forced many famous Olympic athletes, including Carl Lewis, into a foray away from sprinting; Jesse Owens, who set the world record in 1935; Bob Beamon, who broke Owens’ record in 1960; and Mike Powell, who broke the world record in 1991 with a jump of 8.95m (29.4ft).
The big jump begins with the contestants running around the track, which is generally a rubber or vulcanized rubber track surface. The approach down the track is important in establishing the jumper’s speed, with higher speed producing more energy for a longer jump. The last two strides are performed with particularly high technique, as they play an important role in the character of the jump. The penultimate stride is longer than the previous ones as speed and power increase, while the last stride is shorter. The last step is accompanied by a lower center of gravity and the short step helps to offer an explosive position for take-off.
The take off, the most important part of the long jump, is performed in many ways. Above all, the previous steps must be coordinated with the take-off line, which the runner cannot cross. Strides also need to position the jumper to make a wide-footed jump, not relying too much on the heels or toes, onto the airstrip. Wide jump takeoff styles vary from double arm, which pushes the arms back and hips forward; sprinting, a simple method with arms pumping and legs at normal pace; and the leap method, which propels the rear arm in a straight line giving the jumper additional reach.
The wide jump landing into the pit is measured from the first part of the jumper’s body to touch the sand. The mark closest to the take-off point will be used to measure jump distance. If a jumper lands on his feet and then falls backwards due to lack of balance, the position of the fall is measured as balance was not maintained during the jump. The long jump, like many Olympic and individual events, has seen a dramatic increase in feats and numbers in the last half of the 20th century and into the early 21st.
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