Malabsorption can result from various conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome and liver disorders. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves medical history, lab tests, and imaging. Treatment involves dietary changes, supplements, and medication.
Malabsorption refers to the inability to absorb nutrients and vitamins from food. Many different conditions can affect digestion and absorption, including parasites, anatomical defects, irritable bowel syndrome, and pancreatic and liver disorders. Without adequate levels of certain nutrients, a person can experience serious gastrointestinal problems and weight loss. A doctor usually tries to determine the underlying cause before starting treatment. In most cases, the condition can be overcome with a structured diet plan, dietary supplements, and medical treatment for the causative factors.
Most cases of malabsorption involve a deficiency of one or a few key nutrients rather than a complete lack of nutrition. A person may be unable to digest certain sugars, vitamins or proteins for a variety of different reasons. Many people have inherited disorders, such as lactose or fructose intolerance, that affect how their bodies metabolize important food compounds. Conditions such as pancreatitis, Crohn’s disease and hepatitis can affect how certain nutrients are absorbed and used in the body. Additionally, tapeworms and parasites can rob an otherwise healthy person of essential minerals.
The most common physical symptom is frequent bouts of diarrhea. When the body is unable to process nutrients, most of the food and liquids consumed are quickly excreted as waste. Light-colored stools floating in the toilet are signs that fat isn’t being digested properly. Abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and weight loss are common with chronic protein and vitamin deficiencies.
A doctor can usually diagnose malabsorption by carefully examining the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Samples of blood, stool, and urine are taken and analyzed to check for abnormal levels of specific vitamins and proteins. Laboratory tests can also reveal the presence of a parasite or other infectious agent that could be causing symptoms. Imaging tests such as ultrasound and computed tomography are used to inspect the intestines and look for signs of physical abnormalities. After diagnosing malabsorption and identifying an underlying cause, your doctor can determine the best way to treat the condition.
Patients experiencing malabsorption usually need to see clinical nutritionists to learn about specific dietary recommendations. A lactose intolerant person, for example, is advised of lactose-free dairy alternatives that still provide calcium and vitamin D. Many patients are given oral supplements to compensate for the lack of certain vitamins or minerals in their systems. Additionally, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed to manage specific health conditions. Most people who follow doctors’ orders are able to recover within a few weeks.
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