Menstrual spotting is light bleeding between periods, which can be normal for some women but may indicate a medical problem for others. It is usually mild and can be managed with a thin tampon. Causes include hormonal imbalances, birth control changes, and physical stress. Women with heavy bleeding should see a doctor, as it could be a sign of a serious problem. A workup may include a patient history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests.
Menstrual spotting is light bleeding that occurs between menstrual periods. In some women it is perfectly normal and not a cause for concern, while in others it can be an indicator of a medical problem. Women who notice unusual menstrual symptoms, including spotting, may wish to consider discussing these with a gynecologist or general practitioner.
Typically, the spotting is very mild. There are no cramping and other symptoms normally seen with menstruation, and women can usually deal with spotting by wearing a thin tampon. It can be an inconvenience if not anticipated, but usually does not pose a health risk. Women who notice heavy bleeding are not experiencing menstrual bleeding and should see a doctor as this could be a sign of cancer or another serious problem.
Some women notice when they ovulate, in which case menstrual spotting can run a familiar occurrence. Other common causes include hormonal imbalances, changes in birth control methods, intrauterine devices, and physical stress. Sometimes, women develop irregular menstrual cycles, and menstrual spotting can precede an early or late period. Spotting can also occur after a period is supposed to be completed. Similarly, bleeding and spotting can occur after gynecological procedures or in the first month of pregnancy.
Causes for concern may include tumors, fibroids, and polyps. Women who receive regular gynecological care should identify such problems early, before they start causing spotting, but sometimes they develop quickly or a change that has been identified as something to look at becomes a problem. Women with a history of abnormal Pap smears or other causes for gynecological concern may want to make an appointment with a doctor if they notice menstrual spotting. The doctor can evaluate the patient to learn more about the source of the bleeding and make treatment recommendations.
Menstrual cycles follow slightly different times in different women, and women tend to familiarize themselves with their cycles over time. In some women, menstrual spotting may be normal and not a cause for concern. In women who don’t have a history of spotting, it can be an indicator that something is wrong. These women should review their history of potentially benign causes, such as a recent switch between birth control methods, and should contact a doctor if there are no obvious reasons for the spotting.
A menstrual spotting workup may include a patient history, physical exam, and collection of swabs or specimens for examination in a laboratory setting. Diagnostic test recommendations will be based on the doctor’s discussion with the patient and the results of the physical exam.
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