Monilethrix is a genetic disorder that affects hair growth and structure, resulting in dry, brittle, short hair in multiple places on the scalp. It is caused by a mutated gene that affects the production of hair keratins. There is no cure, but preventative measures such as wearing protective wigs or hats can help. Diagnosis is usually made through a physical exam and scalp tissue sample. Treatment options are limited, and patients are advised to protect their hair from harmful environmental factors.
Monilethrix is a genetic disorder that affects hair growth and structure. People with this condition generally have very dry, brittle, short hair in multiple places on the scalp. Upon close inspection, an affected hair tends to look like beads on a string; thick knots are separated from very thin and brittle sections. There is no cure for monilethrix, but patients can take preventative measures such as wearing protective wigs or hats to protect their natural hair.
Researchers have found monilethrix to be an autosomal dominant disorder, indicating that a child can inherit it if one of their parents carries a mutated copy of a particular gene. The gene involved normally creates proteins called keratins that give hair strength and shine. The damaged genes are unable to produce functional hair keratins and the result is brittle hair and uneven growth areas on the scalp.
Monilethrix is most commonly isolated to the back of the scalp and the nape of the neck, although it can sometimes affect the entire scalp. A very small number of patients also have unusual hair in the eyebrows, pubic regions, or armpits. Monilethrix gives hair a dull, lifeless appearance and makes it very susceptible to breakage even with minor trauma, such as passing a comb through it. It is common for sufferers to also develop a condition called keratosis pilaris, which causes small bumps to appear at the base of hair follicles which may become covered in a crusty residue. Alopecia, or patchy baldness, can occur and resolve on its own throughout a person’s life.
A doctor can usually diagnose monilethrix in an infant or young child through a simple physical exam. A sample of scalp tissue may be collected and viewed under a microscope to confirm the condition and rule out other potential causes of hair abnormalities. After making a diagnosis, your doctor can explain the details of monilethrix and provide helpful information about managing your condition.
Several medications and remedies have been tried in the past to treat monilethrix, although none have proven effective. Most patients are advised to protect their hair from harmful environmental factors such as direct sun exposure and strong winds. Hair dyes, bleaches and chemicals used in permanent treatments can also damage brittle hair and should generally be avoided. If baldness is a concern, a person may want to invest in a wig or toupee. Individuals who take the proper precautions can usually preserve most of their existing hair.
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