What’s Monocytosis?

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Monocytosis is a medical condition where there is an elevation in the presence of a type of white blood cell known as monocytes. Monocytes are formed in the bone marrow and play an important role in the normal functioning of the immune system. Inflammatory disorders, infections, and some forms of cancer are the most common causes of monocytosis. Symptoms commonly include fatigue, weakness, fever, or a general feeling of illness. Management of this condition involves diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of the elevation of blood cells, and any questions or concerns about individual cases of monocytosis should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

Inflammatory conditions such as infections or autoimmune disorders are the primary causes of the condition. Some of the common types of infection that could lead to this condition include tuberculosis, syphilis, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Autoimmune disorders such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis could also lead to monocytosis. Some blood disorders could also lead to a high monocyte count. The use of prescription drugs, often including antibiotics or steroid drugs, can sometimes return blood counts to normal, although the condition can become chronic in some patients.

Leukemia or a form of lymphoma known as Hodgkin’s disease are types of cancer known to cause monocytosis. These cancers affect the blood or bone marrow and limit the body’s natural ability to fight off disease. The immune system is compromised due to these tumors, putting the patient at a higher risk of developing serious complications, even from normally mild types of infection.

There are usually no specific symptoms associated with developing elevated monocytes. Most people will only find out about the condition through the use of routine blood tests or when being tested for another disease. People who have symptoms may feel tired or weak, and in some cases they may develop a low-grade fever. These symptoms are easily confused with a variety of other medical conditions, sometimes leading to an inaccurate diagnosis if your doctor doesn’t order the correct blood test.

Monocytosis is actually a symptom of some other disease process and not a medical condition per se, so treatment options vary widely. The main goal of treatment is to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of the abnormal monocyte count. Prescription drugs are usually successful for infection or inflammation. Cancerous conditions might require more intensive treatment, such as radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery.

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