Multiprogramming allows multiple programs to be active at the same time on a single processor, sequentially executing activities associated with each program. It uses interrupts and requires sufficient memory and memory protection to prevent delays or shutdowns of other open applications.
Multiprogramming is one of the most basic types of parallel processing that can be employed in many different environments. Essentially, it allows multiple programs to be active at the same time, while still running through a single processor. Its functionality in this environment involves a continuous process of sequentially executing activities associated with a program’s function, then moving on to perform an activity associated with the next program.
This type of processing is very different from multiprocessing because, even though there may be multiple programs currently active, the uniprocessor is not executing commands for all programs at the same time. Instead, the processor addresses each program, executes a single command, then moves on to the next program in the queue. The previous program remains active, but enters a passive state until the uniprocessor returns to the top of the queue and executes a second command.
From an end user perspective, the process is seamless. As for the actual functionality, the user seems to be using several applications at the same time. This is because multiprogramming uses the uniprocessor to execute commands quickly. The end result is that a user notices little or no delay when he minimizes one application to perform a task associated with another application.
The mechanism within multiprogramming is known as an interrupt. Each task is given a specific amount of time to process before the operating systems move on to the next program and the next task. In a sense, this method consists of juggling several tasks at once, quickly performing a part of the required action, then switching to doing something with a different task before returning to the previous job.
Memory is important for this form of processing to function properly. You need to have enough capacity to ensure that if a program within the spinning queue encounters a problem, it won’t prevent delays or affect the operation of other open applications. At the same time, there should be some kind of memory protection. Otherwise, a problem with one application can create a cascading effect that shuts down or at least slows down other open applications.
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