Nail fungus is a common infection caused by parasitic fungi that can affect both fingernails and toenails. It can cause unsightly discoloration and pain, and may lead to permanent damage if left untreated. Treatment options include prescription drugs and natural remedies.
Nail fungus refers to a nail infection that occurs due to the presence of parasitic fungi called dermatophytes. This condition usually starts with an infection in or under the nail of one finger and quickly spreads to other nails, including those on the opposite hand. Despite the name, however, nail fungus isn’t limited to just affecting the fingernails. In fact, the fungus can also settle in the toenails.
Also known as onychomycosis, nail fungus is most often caused by tinea unguium, a type of ringworm that also causes athlete’s foot. For this reason, nail fungus is sometimes referred to as nail tinea. The fungi typically enter the nail and the underlying nail bed through cuts and small cracks in the skin. However, molds and yeasts, such as Candida, can also cause nail fungus. These types of infections are referred to as non-dermatophytic nail fungus and most commonly occur in tropical regions where high temperatures and high humidity exist.
Some people may be more vulnerable to developing nail fungus than others. For example, it is more common in women than in men and occurs more frequently in people over the age of 60. Diabetics and others with compromised immunity may also be at increased risk for nail fungus. Also, constantly sweaty feet or frequent use of public pools or gyms with bare feet can promote a fungal infection that can transfer to your nails.
In general, nail fungus is not a serious condition. However, it can have a negative psychological impact as it often causes unsightly discoloration and/or nail deformities. It can also cause a fair amount of pain and discomfort, and if the feet are involved, it can make walking or simply putting on shoes difficult. Additionally, nail fungus can cause permanent damage to your nails if left untreated.
Treating nail fungus is not the same as an instant cure. In fact, the treatment only provides temporary relief until the entire nail is able to grow back and be replaced by a new, healthy nail, a process that takes 6 to 12 months. This is because the same mechanisms that protect the nail bed also provide a safe haven for the invading fungus. However, with persistent treatment, the infection can be successfully eradicated.
The most common prescription drug given to treat nail fungus is Lamisil®, which can be taken orally in tablet form or formulated into a cream to be applied to the skin. However, this drug is associated with certain side effects, including potential liver damage when used long-term. However, several natural remedies help manage nail fungus. These include applying apple cider vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, or tea tree essential oil to infected areas.
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