Nephrotic interval proteinuria is a condition where excessive amounts of protein are excreted in urine, often associated with nephrotic syndrome. Symptoms include foamy urine, swelling, and blood clots. Diagnosis requires urine tests, and it can be caused by various medical conditions.
Nephrotic interval proteinuria is a condition in which a patient excretes excessive amounts of protein in their urine in an abnormal way. It may be associated with nephrotic syndrome or may be an isolated finding found during routine urinalysis. Symptoms of the condition can include foamy urine, generalized swelling, and blood clots. Diagnosing this condition requires a urine study to determine exactly how much protein is lost over time. A number of disorders, including diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus, can cause nephrotic-type proteinuria.
Proteinuria is a medical term used to describe proteins that are excreted in the urine. High levels of protein in the urine are seen with nephrotic syndrome, which is a condition caused by kidney dysfunction that is also associated with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, low blood protein levels, and decreased kidney function. When patients are found to have an amount of protein in their urine that meets the criteria for nephrotic syndrome, they are said to have nephrotic interval proteinuria. Finding out if they actually suffer from nephrotic syndrome would require further investigation.
Symptoms of nephrotic interval proteinuria vary, but can include a number of different aspects of body function. Many patients who have a high concentration of protein in their urine notice that the urine appears frothy. Loss of protein in the urine can also cause a variety of symptoms. Loss of albumin, a protein that is important for maintaining the right amount of fluid in the blood, can cause swelling in the legs, face and arms. Also, sometimes proteins important for preventing blood clotting are excreted abnormally in the urine, putting patients at risk for blood clots.
The diagnosis of nephrotic proteinuria is based on a series of laboratory urine studies. Often the first test performed is a urinalysis, which can indicate whether or not protein is present in the urine. However, it doesn’t exactly quantify the amount of protein lost over time. To determine the amount of protein lost in the urine, it is possible to collect all the urine produced in a 24-hour period and measure the amount of protein in this fluid. Alternatively, calculating the ratio of protein to creatinine, a specific type of protein, can approximate the degree of protein loss in the urine.
A variety of different medical conditions can cause nephrotic interval proteinuria. Some of these, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous glomerulonephritis are primarily diseases of the kidneys. In other cases systemic diseases may be associated with protein in the urine. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, diabetes mellitus, and multiple myeloma.
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