Neurocardiogenic syncope, also known as vasovagal, reflex mediated, or neurally mediated syncope, is a condition that causes fainting due to decreased blood flow to the brain when a person is upright. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, visual disturbances, and heart palpitations. Lifestyle changes, such as increasing salt intake and avoiding triggers, can help, and medication may be prescribed if necessary.
Neurocardiogenic syncope is a common cause of fainting or temporary loss of consciousness, which occurs when the person is upright. This condition goes by many other names, including vasovagal, reflex mediated, and neurally mediated syncope. People with this cardiovascular medical condition suffer from decreased blood flow to the brain, leading to fainting. Those suffering from neurocardiogenic syncope can make lifestyle changes, including changing their diet, as well as using medications to control this condition.
Patients often experience several warning signs of an impending event, such as sudden weakness, fatigue, and pale skin. Some people may experience visual disturbances, nausea and dizziness. Abdominal discomfort, headaches, and dizziness or spinning sensations are also common. Other patients may even notice heart palpitations, have difficulty speaking clearly, and become disoriented. Shaking, yawning and vomiting have also been reported, as well as feeling hot or cold and the appearance of a blue, red or purple tinge to the skin.
After a person with neurocardiogenic syncope regains consciousness, they may experience additional symptoms. These often include sweating, dizziness and tremors. Nausea, vomiting, and chest pain may also occur. Some patients have reported a general feeling of ill health or malaise. Those who experience frequent fainting may complain of heart palpitations, exercise intolerance and chronic fatigue, as well as the inability to stand for long periods of time.
Patients who are prone to neurocardiogenic syncope often find they are suffering from an event when exposed to certain triggers. These triggers can include exercise and stressful or emotional events. Spending time in a very hot environment, such as a hot shower, sauna, or even a crowded room, can lead to fainting. Some people also report passing out after eating, because blood circulation changes during digestion.
While these triggers can lead to fainting, the main cause of neurocardiogenic syncope is a blood circulation problem that occurs when you move to a standing position. Normally, the body releases adrenaline when standing to force the heart to pump faster. When a person with neurocardiogenic syncope stands up, the brain communicates poorly with the heart, instructing it to pump slower rather than faster, which results in less blood going to the brain. Fainting can be seen as a kind of survival mechanism, because when the patient lies down again, blood flow can be restored.
Neurocardiogenic syncope is treatable with both basic lifestyle changes and medications, if needed. The doctor will likely advise the patient to increase salt intake and drink more fluids throughout the day. Patients should also make efforts to avoid possible triggers, such as standing in long lines and taking long, hot showers. Consuming less caffeine and avoiding alcohol altogether can also help. If these lifestyle changes aren’t enough, your doctor may prescribe a medication, such as a beta blocker or ephedrine.
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