Nitroaniline is a stable, water-soluble powder used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, pesticides, gasoline, some pharmaceuticals, and poultry medicines. It is highly toxic to humans, causing methemoglobinemia, respiratory distress, and cyanosis. Nitroaniline should only be handled under a vented hood and protective clothing, and unused amounts must be treated as hazardous waste. It is also an environmental pollutant toxic to marine life.
Nitroaniline is an organic chemical compound consisting of a phenyl group and an amino group. Nitroaniline is a stable, water-soluble powder that varies from yellow to brown and gives off a slightly amino aroma. This organic compound is known by a number of other chemical names, including p-aminonitrobenzene, PNA, 4-nitroaniline, 1-amino-4-nitrobenzene, p-aminonitrobenzene, and diazo fast red gg, as well as several trade names. However, this amino chemical compound is more commonly referred to as p-nitroaniline.
Nitroaniline has several applications in various industries. It is commonly used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, pesticides, gasoline, some pharmaceuticals, and poultry medicines.
Working with nitroaniline has some occupational hazards. As a dust, it is very reactive to static discharge in the atmosphere, making it highly combustible. In fact, nitroaniline has been known to cause dust explosions. Additionally, nitroaniline is sensitive to moisture, making it vulnerable to spontaneous ignition in reaction with other chemicals. In case of fire, it must be extinguished with water, foam or carbon dioxide.
Nitroaniline is highly toxic to humans. Although the incidence of accidental release is relatively low because the compound is a powder, it is still considered a toxicity risk due to the fact that it is easily absorbed through the skin. Nitroaniline is also toxic when inhaled. Exposure to this organic substance can result in a condition called methemoglobinemia, characterized by changes in the blood. Specifically, hemoglobin is converted into methemoglobin. This results in impaired blood cells and a reduced ability to carry oxygen.
Symptoms of toxicity can occur up to 12 hours after exposure and include respiratory distress and cyanosis or a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen. Standard treatment of nitroaniline exposure is rest and respiratory therapy until serum methemoglobin returns to normal hemoglobin and oxygen delivery is restored several hours later.
Nitroaniline should only be handled under a vented hood and wearing safety glasses, as well as protective clothing and gloves. This substance is reactive with reducing and oxidizing agents, as well as sodium hydroxide, and care should be taken to prevent cross-contamination. Nitroaniline can also damage some plastic and rubber materials. Unused amounts of this organic material must be treated as hazardous waste and stored and disposed of accordingly.
Nitroaniline is considered an environmental pollutant with a long-term negative impact. In particular, nitroaniline is known to be toxic to marine life.
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