Non-synchronous transmissions are found in heavy-duty equipment and require double clutching and proper engine speed to shift. In contrast, passenger vehicles use fully synchronized transmissions with a cone and collar system to mesh gears. Non-synchronous transmissions are stronger and capable of pulling heavier loads.
A non-synchronous transmission is typically found in commercial, agricultural, and heavy-duty equipment. Unlike the transmission in a family sedan, a non-synchronous transmission is much more difficult to shift. The gears in a non-synchronous transmission need to be sped up to mesh with each other while shifting. Dual clutching and an ear for proper engine speed help experienced drivers shift from a non-synchronous transmission. Once experienced, many drivers can shift a non-synchronous transmission without using a clutch.
In a typical passenger vehicle, the transmission is fully synchronized. This is also known as a constant mesh drive, which means that the gears are always in mesh and moving relative to each other. This type of transmission uses a cone and collar system to bring a gear up to the same speed as the previous gear so that it can slip into the gear and lock up without making a grinding noise. The gears in this type of transmission mesh on the output shaft, and the gears are changed by sliding back and forth between selected gears within the transmission.
The operation is very different in a non-mesh or synchronous transmission. In this type of transmission, none of the gears move while a selected gear is in use. To shift, the new gear must be brought to the same speed as the current one and then slide from the current one to the selected one. This is accomplished by double clutching and revving the engine until the proper engine speed matches the correct gear speed.
When dual-clutching a non-synchronous transmission, the clutch pedal is first depressed halfway and the transmission is shifted out of gear. The clutch pedal is then released, allowing the engine speed to drop to the appropriate speed for gear shifting. The clutch pedal is then depressed only halfway again and the shifter is used to push the transmission into the chosen gear. Engine speed is manipulated by depressing the accelerator pedal until the gear slides smoothly into place within the transmission. With practice, an operator can hear the correct engine speed and make gear changes by manipulating the throttle and not using the clutch pedal.
The purpose of the non-synchronous transmission is that it is a much stronger transmission than the constant mesh version. The non-synchronous transmission is capable of pulling much heavier loads without damaging the gears. The extremely close gear ratio also allows a machine to run at very slow wheel speed while maintaining power and high engine speeds.
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