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Osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, leading to softening of the bones and potential complications such as hypocalcemia. Treatment includes vitamin D supplements and prevention through sun exposure and a vitamin D-rich diet. Regular exercise can also help strengthen bones. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications.
Osteomalacia, also commonly known as rickets in children, is a general term for the softening of bone. It is caused by a deficiency in the bone building process. A vitamin D deficiency, either from a lack of sun exposure that induces vitamin D production, an insufficient intake of vitamin D in the diet, or a disorder that interferes with the absorption of vitamin D in the digestive tract, l Osteomalacia can cause bones to bend or break.
In the early stages, osteomalacia can only be detected via X-rays, bone scans or bone biopsies, and blood tests to assess vitamin D levels. As it progresses, aching bone pain and muscle weakness are the main signs and symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment are essential not only for pain-free general mobility but to prevent more serious complications, such as low blood calcium levels, known as hypocalcemia.
Hypocalcemia can occur because vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium in the intestinal tract. Calcium is vital for the heart to function properly. Too little calcium can lead to an irregular heart rhythm and eventually heart failure. If you experience spasms in the hands and feet, numbness around the mouth or in the legs or arms, rapid heartbeat or irregular heartbeat, or seizure activity along with bone pain and muscle weakness, it is vital you seek qualified medical attention to reduce your risks of further complications. potentially life-threatening physical conditions that may be associated with osteomalacia.
Treatment of osteomalacia includes replenishing vitamin D through sun exposure and/or dietary alterations. Vitamin D supplements are also common. The supplements can be taken by mouth or, if the deficiency is severe enough, by injection.
Prevention, however, may be the best treatment option. By simply getting a few minutes of sunshine a day and getting more vitamin D in your diet through things like fish, bread, milk and yogurt, you can significantly reduce your risks of osteomalacia. If you’re not sure if your chosen diet offers enough vitamin D, over-the-counter supplements can be helpful. Regular exercise, especially weight-bearing exercises like walking, can help strengthen bones.
Most people diagnosed with osteomalacia, with proper treatment, see improvement within a few weeks, although full recovery can take up to six months. Prevention, the best treatment option, however, is an ongoing enterprise. The body needs a constant source of vitamins, including vitamin D, and prolonged breaks in its presence will increase the risks of another bout of osteomalacia.
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