Pathology studies tissue, cell and organ modifications caused by disease. Pathogenicity refers to a pathogen’s ability to cause infectious disease. Pathologists study diseases to understand and treat them. Pathogenesis refers to how a disease develops over time. Bacteria and protozoa are pathogenic microorganisms that can cause direct or indirect damage to the body. Protozoa are larger than bacteria and can cause parasitic diseases in humans.
Pathology is the study of the modification of tissues, cells and organs within the body as a result of a disease. Pathogenicity is the term applied to a pathogen that is capable of causing infectious disease within the body. Health problems caused by these microorganisms include both protozoan and bacterial infections and infectious diseases. The pathogenicity of an organism is often referred to as its virulence.
All systems work together in the body to maintain homeostasis, or normal physiological processing. Homeostasis is the process by which the body is able to regulate its temperature, metabolism and blood pressure despite the conditions of its external environment. If systems within the body are changed, however, disease can result. Pathologists study diseases to understand how they work and to treat them.
Pathogenesis refers to how a disease begins and then develops over time. When a pathologist studies a pathogen, she specifically studies the cellular and physiological activities that participate in the development of the disease. The process of pathogenesis involves determining what caused the disease, the damage it caused, and the changes that have occurred since its occurrence. Some microorganisms are frequently pathogenic or disease-producing, while others rarely cause disease. For example, the pathogenicity of opportunistic pathogens is not recurrent in people with good health, but can cause infections in people with low immune systems.
Diseases such as infections are caused by microorganisms. These microorganisms are pathogenic and include bacteria and protozoa. The damage to the body from such pathogens can be direct from destroyed tissue or it can be indirect due to a toxin it produces. The pathogenicity, or virulence, of pathogens such as bacteria and protozoa is measured by pathologists and determined by the number of organisms required for disease to occur.
Bacteria are involved in many human diseases. Such infections can be minor, such as an infected eye or ear. They can also be life-threatening, such as tuberculosis, a condition that commonly affects the lungs and causes symptoms such as night sweats, fever, and weight loss. This type of pathogen can enter the body through the skin or orifices such as the mouth and nose. The disease is caused when the infectious bacterium produces poisonous endotoxins and exotoxins, resulting in tissue inflammation.
Another pathogen is the protozoan, which is a primitive animal consisting of a single cell. They are larger in size than bacteria, but are still microscopic. Most live independently and are able to excrete, absorb food and breathe; however, there are some protozoa that are parasitic and cause disease in humans. Giardiasis is a disease caused by protozoa that cause an intestinal infection that causes diarrhea.
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