Photocoagulation is a laser surgery used to treat retinal detachment, which involves using an argon laser to seal tears in the retinal tissue. It can be used to treat all three types of retinal detachment and is generally more successful than other treatments. The patient is given eye drops to numb the eye and dilate the pupil before the treatment, which is usually painless and takes less than 30 minutes. Successful treatment can improve the patient’s vision within six months.
Photocoagulation is a type of laser surgery that is used to treat retinal detachment. This treatment involves the use of an argon laser that converts a high-intensity beam of light into heat that seals the tears into the retinal tissue. Laser treatment can also prevent abnormal blood vessel growth, which is a common side effect of retinal detachment. Photocoagulation to treat a detached retina can prevent further vision loss and retinal abnormalities.
There are three main types of retinal detachment. The first, rhegmatogenous detachment, develops with age, because the fluid-filled vitreous in the center of the eye shrinks with aging. This can cause the retina to separate from the vitreous body, causing vision disturbances.
The second type is called traction retinal detachment. This commonly occurs in people with diabetes, due to glucose-mediated inflammation combined with poor circulation. The third type of retinal detachment is called wet attachment and is the result of a buildup of fluid between the retina and the choroid, a structure that sits underneath the retina. When fluid builds up, it can cause retinal detachment. This type of detachment is usually caused by cancer or inflammatory disorders.
Photocoagulation can be used as a treatment for all three types of retinal detachment. An argon laser is used in this type of treatment. This laser narrowly focuses a beam of light which is then directed at the portion of the detached retina at the back of the eye. The light beam is focused at the specific point where the retina is detached. When the light beam reaches the retina, the light is absorbed by the cells and then converted into heat energy. Healing seals the detached retina. This treatment usually takes thirty minutes or less.
To prepare for photocoagulation treatment, the patient is given eye drops to numb the eye and dilate the pupil. The treatment is usually painless, but eye drops are needed because some patients are sensitive to laser light. Once the treatment is finished, the patient can leave immediately. He or she would have to keep the eye covered for several hours due to increased sensitivity to light. In addition, the patient must arrange for transportation home, as medications given prior to treatment may reduce the ability to drive.
There are few risks associated with photocoagulation therapy, and this type of treatment is generally more successful than other treatments for retinal detachment. Most detached retinas can be treated successfully with one session of laser therapy, but in some cases a second session may be necessary. Successful treatment will improve the patient’s vision within six months of the procedure.
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