Porokeratosis is a rare skin condition that causes scaly, discolored patches on the body. It is often genetic and can increase the risk of skin cancer. Protecting the skin and monitoring changes with a dermatologist can reduce risks. Treatment options include topical creams and surgery if the condition becomes malignant.
Porokeratosis is a rare type of skin condition characterized by scaly, discolored, dry patches or patches on certain parts of the body. Most cases are related to genetic disorders and occur in childhood, although some people develop symptoms later in life from ultraviolet radiation, excessive sun exposure, or unidentified causes. The condition does not usually cause serious health problems, although there is a higher risk of developing skin cancer if there are multiple lesions on the body. People can reduce their risks by protecting their skin, using topical medications, and keeping frequent appointments with their dermatologists to monitor any changes in their skin.
Most forms of this condition are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. A child is susceptible if one of his parents carries a particular genetic mutation. Researchers have not yet identified the specific genes, although studies are underway to better understand the genetics involved. Occasionally, a middle-aged or older person can develop the condition on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun. Exposure to medical radiation and artificial ultraviolet light, such as that used in tanning beds, is also related to porokeratosis.
Symptoms can vary widely. Some people develop very small, raised, ring-shaped lesions that are colored red or brown. Others have larger, light-colored patches on their arms, legs, hands, or feet. It is possible to have a single lesion or multiple abnormal spots on the body. The lesions typically don’t change in size and shape over time, and any changes that do occur can be a sign of developing skin cancer.
Skin cancers that arise due to porokeratosis are usually characterized by hard, scaly, dark-colored lesions. As a tumor grows and spreads, a person may develop other symptoms, such as fatigue and fever. Early recognition and treatment of cancerous lesions is essential to prevent metastasis and life-threatening complications.
Noncancerous porokeratosis does not normally require aggressive treatment. Doctors typically suggest that their patients get checked up at least once a year to check for signs of abnormal growth. It is important that patients wear sunscreen and protective clothing when going outdoors regardless of the weather and avoid exposure to artificial radiation to the best of their ability. Topical creams, such as fluorouracil, are occasionally prescribed to improve the appearance of porokeratosis lesions, but this type of treatment rarely leads to complete remission. If the condition becomes malignant, a combination of surgery and chemotherapy may be needed to reduce the risks of further health problems.
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