Revascularization restores blood supply to damaged organs or areas of the body using techniques such as removing blockages, inserting stents, or bypassing damaged vessels with grafts. Diagnostic tests are used to evaluate patients and determine the safest and most effective method. Surgery can be performed under local or general anesthesia.
Revascularization is the restoration or improvement of blood supply. A number of techniques can be used to revascularize an organ or area of the body following an injury, illness, or other problem that cuts off its blood supply. This procedure can be performed by a vascular or cardiothoracic surgeon in an operating room or clinic equipped for revascularization procedures.
Blood carries oxygen and vital nutrients. When the blood supply is cut off, it can cause organ and tissue death. Some things that can cause disruptions in the blood supply include gangrene, blockages in blood vessels, and serious injuries. Using Doppler ultrasound and other medical imaging studies, a doctor can identify an area where blood isn’t flowing and learn more about why.
One option is to remove a block. Medications can be used to break up blood clots, and items such as stents can be inserted to dilate vessels that are narrowed or blocked. This uses the existing vascular system to return blood to the area.
Sometimes, however, ships are too damaged for this to be an option. In these cases, they must be replaced with grafts. Another way to manage revascularization is to have a bypass installed, bypassing a damaged or blocked area of a blood vessel to provide a new path for blood to use.
A patient who is a candidate for revascularization is carefully examined to determine the extent of the damage to the blood supply and the underlying cause. A surgeon may order a variety of diagnostic tests in addition to conducting a physical exam on the patient. Patients are also evaluated for risk factors that might rule out certain treatments such as specific medications or surgical procedures. The goal is to find a safe and effective method to revascularize the area of interest and address the blood supply issue without putting the patient at risk for complications.
The revascularization surgery can take place under local anesthesia and sedation or under general anesthesia, depending on the nature of the case. An example of revascularization surgery is coronary artery bypass surgery, in which a graft is used to bypass a blocked or fragile coronary artery in order to treat insufficient blood flow. Another form of surgery involving the heart is transmyocardial revascularization, a treatment used for some angina patients that involves creating tiny channels in the heart with a laser to improve blood flow.
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