Sensory ataxia is a balance disorder caused by disruptions in sensory input and processing, often associated with peripheral neuropathy. It can be progressive and worsen with age. Treatment options depend on the root cause and may include medication, nerve stimulation, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.
Sensory ataxia is a loss of balance associated with disruptions in sensory input and processing. It can be an acquired or congenital condition that typically comes on slowly over time. This condition can be progressive in nature, worsening as the patient ages, especially if left untreated. The best options for managing it depend on the root cause and any therapies the patient may currently be using.
In patients with sensory ataxia, peripheral neuropathy is common. The patient receives no input from the peripheral nervous system, which can make balance and movement coordination difficult. With the eyes open to see, coordinated movements such as lifting an object or balancing while standing are possible, because the patient’s vision can make up for the lack of physical sensations. When the eyes are covered or darkened, the patient has problems with balance.
A classic warning sign of sensory ataxia can be seen when patients have trouble dressing or undressing because their vision is obscured as they pull the garments over their heads. Similarly, patients may notice that they wobble or feel lightheaded when they bend over the sink to wash their face, or in the shower, because they close their eyes to keep the soap out of them. In the dark, people may find it difficult to walk and perform tasks they could previously, such as opening a door, because they no longer know exactly where their limbs are in space. Sensory input provides important feedback for coordinating movement, and patients may not be aware of it until they lose sensation.
Another sign of sensory ataxia can be seen when the patient is asked to stand upright with arms outstretched and eyes closed. His arms will tend to shake and wander rather than remain fixed in space. Patients may also have trouble with the Romberg test, where they are asked to stand and balance with their eyes closed. They don’t have enough sensory information to maintain an upright position in space, even though their brains could function normally and they could balance themselves if they could see.
Treatment of peripheral neuropathy can help address sensory ataxia. This could include the use of medications, nerve stimulation or physical therapy, especially if the patient has a condition such as epilepsy that could be contributing to the problem. Occupational therapy can be helpful for those patients who have difficulty carrying out daily activities. Lifestyle adjustments can also help, such as using night lights so people are less likely to trip when browsing at night. A complete neurological exam may be recommended to check for underlying problems in the brain that may need attention.
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