The set point theory suggests that a person’s weight is predetermined by biology and genetics, and the body has an “internal thermostat” to maintain weight. Metabolism can slow down to maintain weight, and genetics may play a role. There is no reliable test to determine a person’s natural set point.
Benchmark theory refers to the idea that a person’s weight may be predetermined by biology and genetics. According to the theory, the body may have the ability to maintain a person’s weight through metabolism. Those who subscribe to the set point theory may believe that eating and exercising are not voluntary, but rather controlled by the body’s “internal thermostat” or set point. The set point theory can be used to explain why people sometimes tend to regain weight lost through diet rather quickly once they return to normal eating habits.
Those who believe in the set point theory may think that metabolism levels are adapted based on diet. According to the set point theory, when a person falls below their body’s predetermined weight, or set point, their metabolism can slow down to maintain the weight. When a person’s weight increases, their metabolism may increase to combat the weight gain. This may explain why people sometimes reach a “plateau” and are unable to lose more weight despite continued dieting. People with low set points may be underweight, while those with high set points are sometimes obese.
Genetics may play a role in the set point theory. Eye color and personality traits can be passed from parent to child through genes, and some experts believe that a person’s tendency to weigh a certain amount may also be genetic. Eating habits and exercise preferences among family members are also sometimes similar.
Some researchers believe that set points are psychological. They cite factors such as personal preference, desired clothing size, and cultural trends that influence weight gain or loss. They sometimes theorize that when weight goes up or down, the person unconsciously adjusts their eating habits and exercise routines to bring their body back to its set point.
Other experts consider that the set point is physiological and depends on the body’s secretion of hormones that stimulate or slow metabolism. While diet doesn’t necessarily affect set point, some believe that exercise might lower it. A lower set point could make it easier for a person to lose weight.
Generally, there is no reliable test to determine a person’s natural set point. Some people may be able to control their weight through moderate eating and physical activity. If a person has been dieting for a long period of time, their metabolism may not work properly. It could take a year or more of moderate diet and exercise to get your body back to the proper set point, or a healthy weight for them.
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