Sialadenitis is inflammation of one or more salivary glands, often caused by bacterial or viral infections, salivary stones, or adverse drug reactions. Symptoms include facial pain, swelling, dry mouth, and fever. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, warm compresses, or surgery. Good oral hygiene can prevent bacterial infections.
Sialadenitis refers to acute or chronic inflammation of one or more salivary glands in the face. Most cases of sialadenitis are the result of bacterial or viral infections, although adverse drug reactions, congenital deformities, and autoimmune diseases can also cause salivary gland problems. Common symptoms include facial pain and swelling, dry mouth, and low-grade fever. Treatment for sialadenitis depends on the underlying causes and may include oral antibiotics, warm compresses, or surgery.
Most cases of acute sialadenitis are caused by bacteria, particularly staph infections. Poor oral hygiene is a major risk factor for bacterial infection. Viral infections such as mumps, herpes and HIV can also lead to sudden inflammation of the salivary glands. Chronic sialadenitis is often the result of salivary stones, hard deposits of calcium and other minerals that build up in the glands and cause blockages. Less commonly, a person may experience this condition due to an immune system reaction to medications given to treat other glandular conditions.
Symptoms of sialadenitis can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Most people experience some degree of pain when opening their mouth, noticeable swelling of the face, and redness of the skin. An individual may have a usually dry mouth or a persistent bad taste. Also, fever is common with acute infections. An infected gland that is left untreated can develop a pus-filled abscess that can drain into the mouth and throat.
A dentist or primary care doctor can usually diagnose a salivary gland infection by asking about symptoms, feeling your face, and testing your saliva and blood for the presence of bacteria. A patient may be referred to a specialist for further testing if a diagnosis cannot be confirmed. Computed tomography of the head and neck is often done to determine the severity of the swelling and look for possible signs of cancer.
Once the condition has been diagnosed, a specialist can determine the best course of treatment. Most bacterial infections can be relieved by taking antibiotics and practicing good oral hygiene. There are also medications available to reduce the severity of symptoms caused by viral infections. A patient may be instructed to massage their cheeks and apply a warm compress to help reduce swelling and pain.
A serious infection may require hospitalization and surgery to correct. A surgeon can aspirate the abscess by inserting a needle into the gland and pulling out the pus. Rarely, an infection may require surgical removal of part or all of a salivary gland. A patient who undergoes surgery is typically prescribed antibiotics and scheduled for follow-up visits to ensure the condition has resolved. With a smart hygiene practice and regular trips to the dentist, most people have no recurring problems.
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