Malingering is the act of feigning illness or exaggerating symptoms for external benefits, not considered a mental illness. Simulators deceive medical personnel for personal gain. Medical professionals can detect malingering and distinguish it from somatization and factitious disorders.
Maling describes the behavior of an individual who feigns mental or physical illness or greatly exaggerates his or her symptoms in order to receive some kind of external benefit. Such benefits may include time off work; avoid military service; or obtain funds from insurance, lawsuits, or donations from others. Malingering is not listed as a mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV), as it is generally considered a deliberate act of deception. It can, however, be seen in individuals with antisocial personality disorder, who may manipulate the medical system and other people in order to avoid liability or perpetrate a scam.
Simulators try to avoid taking responsibility for themselves and their actions or profit in some way by pretending to be sick or to be sicker than they actually are. In some cases, a simulator will claim to have medical symptoms that don’t actually exist, or pretend to be mentally ill. He is fully aware of his deception and can develop a variety of strategies designed to deceive authoritative people and medical personnel. A classic example of this type of deception would be the child who wishes he could skip school and then holds a thermometer near a light bulb to fool his mother into thinking he has a fever. A pretender who wants to feign mental illness may act as if he is disoriented and purposely fails to correctly answer questions of common knowledge, such as what year it is or the identity of the ruling politician in his country.
Some medical professionals have developed ways to detect malingering and separate it from true mental and physical illness, as well as conditions such as somatization disorder, in which a patient does indeed suffer from physical symptoms but there is no evidence that they are linked to any physical ailment. Another condition that can sometimes be confused with malingering is that of factitious disorder, in which a patient may deliberately take steps to become ill or, alternatively, pretend to be ill in order to gain attention and become an object of sympathy. While a pretender deliberately feigns his illness to avoid liability or to receive financial compensation, individuals with somatization disorder are actually experiencing symptoms, while those with factitious disorder seek emotional nourishment rather than some kind of tangible reward or avoidance of an unpleasant duty. or experience.
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