Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an Internet Protocol (IP) standard for digital signaling used to initiate, administer, and terminate communication sessions between participants using digital devices and networks. SIP is modular and works with other protocols to provide multimedia communication services over IP networks.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a multimedia Internet Protocol (IP) network standard for digital signaling defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Specifies the instructions used to initiate, administer, and terminate communication sessions between two or more participants using digital devices and networks in a secure manner. The session initiation protocol is a critical component of network applications that provide single and multimedia Internet chat, instant messaging, Internet telephony, teleconferencing, and telepresence, as well as event subscription and notification services. The session initiation protocol works at the application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, as do Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). The session initiation protocol continues to evolve as media convergence around digital IP networking standards leads to new applications.
A text-based request and response protocol, Session Initiation Protocol enables one-time media and multimedia communications between two or more parties by initiating, modifying, and terminating communication sessions. Its four main functions determine the user’s location based on the network address, establish and adopt a set of communication functions common to all participants, manage call sessions when participants join, leave or are transferred, and modify session functions while they are in progress.
SIP was designed with flexibility in mind and to be modular in nature. The session initiation protocol fulfills a narrow set of Internet communication functions in what should be a simple and effective way. It is designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer. Hence, it works on networks based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
The session initiation protocol is involved only in the activities of a communication session that have to do with signaling. SIP is commonly used in conjunction with other OSI Application Layer protocol standards to provide fully functional single and multimedia communication services over IP networks to all types of IP devices. For example, SIP can work in tandem with HTTP, Extensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Voice Extensible Markup Language (VXML), and Web Service Definition Language (WDSL) in a communications systems platform. Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used by Session Initiation Protocol applications to transmit streaming voice and video communications. SIP clients typically connect to SIP servers using TCP or UDP on port numbers 5060 and 5061, which are typically used to carry unencrypted signals and those encrypted with Transport Layer Security (TLS), respectively.
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