Site excavation involves removing soil and other materials from a site for various reasons, such as new construction, environmental remediation, and archaeological exploration. Excavation can be conducted by professionals and specialized companies, and may involve careful removal of historical artifacts or contaminated soil.
Site excavation is a process in which soil, rock, and other materials are removed from a site, typically with the use of heavy earthmoving equipment such as excavators and bulldozers. There are a variety of reasons for conducting a site excavation, ranging from a desire to explore a site to learn more about its archaeological history to an environmental remediation project. Depending on the purpose of a site excavation, it may be conducted and supervised by various professionals.
During the new construction of buildings, roads and other structures, site excavation is one of the first stages. The site is excavated to create a level, clean area to work in, with the foundation established in the excavated area. A site may also be excavated and filled in to confirm that the material directly beneath the site is of high quality. The depth of site excavation can vary, depending on what is being built and where the building is located.
Archaeological excavation involves the painstaking removal of material in layers, with the material being sifted through and carefully examined for items of historical interest. Excavation can be used to unearth structures that have been buried over time, to examine burial sites, to examine former settlements, and in many other types of archaeological and paleontological activities. Additionally, before excavation of buildings can begin in some regions of the world, an archaeological investigation may be required to confirm that the building will not damage or endanger material of archaeological significance, to remove material of archaeological interest, or to comply with laws surround native and historic burial sites.
Environmental remediation may also involve excavating the site. If the soil is contaminated, it may need to be removed and filled with clean soil. Excavated soil can be disposed of at a facility that handles contaminated materials. The excavation can also be used to prepare a site for impoundment of contaminated materials, with the excavation being lined to prevent infiltration.
Some construction companies specialize in excavating the site. These companies have an assortment of equipment and specialized crews that can handle a wide variety of excavation types, handling everything from construction supports to prevent sidewalls from collapsing to arranging for the safe removal of excavated material. Hiring such a firm usually ensures that excavation is conducted safely and competently, reducing the risk of problems at the site in the future. For the archaeological excavation of the proposed sites, specialized firms provide archaeological consultancy services, including excavation and site evaluation.
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