Smartism is an approach to Hinduism that emphasizes the Vedas and the Shastras. It recognizes God as both Saguna and Nirguna and observes the tradition of Shanmata. Adherents are expected to study the scriptures and follow certain lifestyle practices. It is not a separate denomination within Hinduism.
Smartism is a form of expression or approach to the Hindu faith. More properly known as Smarta Hampradaya, people in the West often think of Smartism as functioning as a denomination within Hinduism. However, the concept of a Hindu denomination is more an attempt by Western culture to relate to the internal function and philosophy of the Hindu faith than an actual picture of how Smartism works within Hinduism.
The term Smartism derives from the word smarta, used to identify the faithful who place particular emphasis on the Vedas and the Shastras. In general, the understanding of Smartism is modeled on the teachings of Advaita Vedanta philosophy within Hinduism. While elements of Advaita Vedanta are found in most expressions of the faith, Smarta adherents seem to more closely identify and give expression to the thoughts found in this expression.
One of the distinguishing characteristics of Smartism is the recognition of God expressed as both Saguna and Nirguna. Like Saguna, God exhibits qualities such as an infinite nature and a number of characteristics such as compassion, love and justice. Like Nirguna, God is understood as pure consciousness which is not connected with the matter experienced by mankind. Due to the holistic nature of God, these are simply two forms or names which are expressions of Nirguna Brahman, or Ultimate Reality.
Smartism also observes the tradition of Shanmata, or the Six Opinions. In this context, six different deities are worshipped. Each of the six deities is understood to be six different expressions or manifestations of Ultimate Reality. As such, it is up to the individual to determine which and how many of the six deities the worshiper will interact with most often. Since all six are considered expressions of the same God, worship of one, two, or all six deities in one’s lifetime is both common and perfectly acceptable.
Adherents of Smartism are expected to be students of the Vedas and Shastras. Before marriage, faithful Smarta will also choose to lead a celibate life. Very important are also the dietary rules, the care of traditions and family observances. When a woman who adheres to Smartism marries, she is expected to assume the traditions dear to her husband’s family.
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