Solenoid force is the load a solenoid can push, pull or hold when energized. It can be affected by factors such as coil design, electric current, stroke length, and temperature. Solenoids convert electrical energy into linear or rotary motion and can produce push, tensile or holding force. External factors like temperature can also affect solenoid strength.
The term “solenoid force” refers to the load a solenoid is capable of pushing, pulling or holding when energized. Most solenoids are linear, in which case the force from the solenoid is applied in a linear motion. In the case of rotary solenoids, a rotary ratchet mechanism is used instead of a linear armature. Many different factors can affect the strength of the solenoid, including the design of the coil, the level of electric current, and how far the armature has to move each time it is energized. Rising temperatures typically cause a reduction in solenoid forces, as will an increase in stroke length.
Solenoids are electromechanical transducers capable of converting electrical energy into linear or rotary motion. They typically consist of a stationary electromagnetic coil and a moving metal bullet, called an armature. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, it generates a magnetic field which moves the armature. The movement of the armature determines the force that enables a solenoid to activate an electronic relay, open a mechanical valve, or perform other similar work. Solenoids are found in everything from fuel injectors to pinball machines.
There are three main types of force a solenoid can produce when energized, although some solenoids perform more than one function. Push force is achieved when an armature forces a push rod to extend and push a load away from the solenoid. The opposite is the tensile force, which occurs when a rebar retracts and pulls a load inward. Holding force is the third type and allows a solenoid to resist any movement when an external load is pulling or pushing.
Several factors can contribute to the level of force a solenoid is capable of producing. The design of the electromagnetic coil is a primary factor, as it determines the size of the electromagnetic field. Likewise, the size of the armature and the amount of electricity used to power the coil can also have an effect. Another important factor inherent in solenoid design is the length of the stroke, i.e. how far the armature should travel. To achieve the greatest possible solenoid force, solenoids are often designed with the shortest possible stroke.
It is also possible for external factors, such as temperature, to affect the strength of the solenoid. Higher temperatures are generally associated with a reduction in solenoid force. Since the solenoid coils also heat up when energized, most units have a stable maximum temperature at which they are rated. That temperature typically takes into account both ambient temperature, and the rise associated with an energized coil. After the stable temperature is exceeded, the solenoid force can decrease up to 65%.
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