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Soundproofing foam can be used to block sound from outside or absorb noise in recording studios. Sound Transmission Coefficient (STC) measures an object’s ability to block sound, while the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) measures how much sound an object absorbs. Dense and firm foam is used to block noise from entering a building, while acoustic foam panels are used to deflect sound. Foam panels are also used to control sound inside a room by absorbing noise and improving sound quality.
Soundproofing foam is a building material used to control the transmission and absorption of sound. This material can be used to achieve two distinct goals when it comes to sound control. First, it is used in homes and commercial buildings to block sound from outside, keeping the inside of the space quieter for the occupants. Secondly, it can be used to absorb noise in recording studios or theatres, reducing echo and improving sound quality.
To understand how the different types of sound absorbing foam can be used, one must first understand how sound waves and noise levels are measured. An object’s ability to block sound is measured by its Sound Transmission Coefficient (STC) rating, which can range from 0 to 100. A wall with an STC rating of 50, for example, means that noise levels one side of the wall is 50 decibels higher than the other side. Sound absorption is measured using the noise reduction coefficient (NRC), which is typically between 0 and 1. This number shows how much sound an object absorbs, and the higher the NRC value, the more noise is absorbed.
When used to block noise from entering a building or home, sound deadening foam needs to be very dense and firm so that sound is deflected away from the material. A liquid variety of foam is often used in homes. This material is sprayed into the walls and expands to completely fill the space. Although the soundproofing capabilities of this range of spray foam manufacturers, it offers an NRC of 7 and an STC rating of around 37 on average.
Acoustic foam panels are also used within the walls of buildings to help deflect sound. Made from polyurethane or polystyrene, these insulation boards typically have an STC rating of between 20 and 50, depending on the thickness of the boards and the number of layers used. When foam core structural insulation boards are used in place of traditional frame and insulation, the wall can have an STC rating of 50 and an NRC of .95 on average.
In situations where it is necessary to control the sound inside a room, foam panels are used on the facade of the walls and ceilings. This is a common application in recording studios, gymnasiums, churches and auditoriums. Open cell foam panels allow sound to enter voids within the foam, where it is converted into heat energy and absorbed. This helps improve sound quality by minimizing echo and making the sound clearer for listeners. These acoustic foam panels are made from melamine and generally have an “egg carton” or other deeply textured surface.
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