Straight-line motion is when an object moves in a straight line with a constant speed or acceleration. It can be depicted on a graph with an X and Y axis configuration. Calculus is used to determine functions such as speed using time and location values. Time graphs are more complex as velocity can change resulting in a curved line. Uniform motion is when an object moves at a constant speed unaffected by external forces.
An object that is constantly moving in a straight line can be described as having straight-line motion. The direction of travel generally does not change. It is often depicted in two dimensions, but can also be in any direction relative to a point of reference. Graphs with an X and Y axis configuration are typically used to define the rectilinear motion of an object, as well as the motion, speed, direction, or rates of change of these motion components. They are typically done using a straight line, but when changes in motion are compared over time, something’s straight path can be represented by a curved line.
There are various equations of rectilinear motion, but what most have in common is that motion in the direction of a reference point is typically a positive value. If something is moving away, or in the opposite direction, the numerical value is usually negative; is expressed as a number less than zero. Movement along the X-axis in a graph, to the right, is usually positive. When measuring position, the path typically follows this axis, as a function of time or another variable in the Y-axis.
Straight line motion with constant acceleration is often how equations are derived and position, changes in it and velocity can be determined using predefined calculations. Calculus is typically used to determine functions such as speed using time and location values in an equation. These generally depend on the particle moving in a straight line, but it is possible to graph its speed and its variations over time.
Time graphs for straight-moving objects are more complex because their velocity can change at different rates from moment to moment. While the movement is still in a straight line, changes in speed can result in a curved line on the graph. Time graphs are made using the vertical Y-axis as a reference.
Something with a constant speed typically has uniform motion. Motion is described for objects unaffected by an external force, usually including gravity. It can be seen in objects on Earth and planets moving through space. Rectilinear motion is sometimes compared between different objects, especially when one separates from another with the same speed. The separating object often maintains its velocity, but the acceleration cannot be defined by a horizontal line, especially if it is dropped from a powered vehicle.
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