Streptococcus agalactiae is usually harmless but can cause serious infections in infants and immunocompromised adults. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Early detection and IV antibiotics can lead to recovery in less than a month. Pregnant women are screened to prevent transmission to newborns.
Streptococcus agalactiae is a very common strain of bacteria that is completely harmless to most healthy people. Colonies of the bacteria can live within the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts without causing adverse health problems. In infants and adults with weakened immune systems, however, Streptococcus agalactiae can become a source of serious and life-threatening infections. The bacterium can cause serious damage to the lungs, brain and heart if not recognized and treated immediately. Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are usually effective in killing colonies of Streptococcus agalactiae and promoting rapid recovery.
Newborns are particularly at risk of Streptococcus agalactiae infections because their immune systems are not yet strong enough to fight pathogens. Pregnant mothers who carry the bacteria in their lower reproductive tracts can pass infections to their babies as they are being delivered. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy that suppresses the immune system and people who have chronic illnesses such as HIV can also get active infections.
The most common initial symptoms of a Streptococcus agalactiae infection in children include fatigue, irritability, poor appetite, and fever. If the lungs and heart are involved, there may be a persistent cough and shortness of breath. If the bacterium reaches the brain, it can cause seizures and set the stage for developmental disorders in the future. Adult patients may experience fever, weakness, skin rashes, and urinary tract infections.
A simple blood test can confirm or rule out the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in patients who have symptoms. Physical exams and diagnostic imaging scans are helpful in determining which organs are involved and to what extent. If a doctor suspects a brain infection, she may decide to take a sample of fluid from your spinal cord to check for laboratory tests.
Most cases of Streptococcus agalactiae infection can be treated if discovered early. IV penicillin or similar antibiotics are able to stop the spread of the infection and kill existing pathogens in the bloodstream. Infants and adult patients may need to be hospitalized during treatment to ensure they receive sufficient fluids and supportive care for persistent symptoms. If the lungs, brain, or heart are involved, patients may require oxygen therapy and constant vital monitoring. Most patients who receive prompt treatment are able to recover in less than a month.
Advances in preventive medicine and testing techniques are helping to reduce the frequency of new Streptococcus agalactiae infections. Pregnant women are usually screened for bacterial colonies before giving birth. Antibiotics given before and during labor can reduce the chances of passing an infection to a newborn baby as well.
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