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Artificial intelligence (AI) is classified into strong and weak AI. Strong AI aims to match or surpass human intelligence in problem solving and cognitive abilities, while weak AI is designed for specific tasks. Strong AI is limited by technological and scientific constraints, but recent advances have been made in weak AI. The exact definition of strong AI is debated, but it would be able to learn, solve problems, and communicate.
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is often classified into two different forms with different goals and objectives, which are strong and weak AI. Strong AI is a form of artificial intelligence intended to equal or exceed human intelligence in problem solving and cognitive abilities. Weak AI, also called narrow AI, is understood as a program that can solve problems or act intelligently within a narrow focus or for specific tasks. A large amount of recent work has been directed towards the development of limited AI platforms, while strong AI is often seen as a general or long-term goal for AI programmers.
Strong AI is generally viewed as a form of artificial intelligence designed to closely emulate human intelligence and cognition. Such artificial intelligence is intended to match or surpass the human brain in its ability to solve problems and effectively “think” and “learn” once created. While there are currently limitations in the development of strong AI, several arguments have been presented in favor of the potential for future developments in this field. In general, however, technological and scientific limitations have held back the development of stronger and broader AI.
Technological limitations on Strong AI involve available hardware, while scientific limitations involve human understanding of cognitive thinking. The computer hardware needed to fully emulate the “processing power” of the human brain simply doesn’t exist as of 2011, and at best a brain’s processing can be mimicked at a slower speed using powerful hardware. Scientific understanding of cognitive processes in the brain, including how various biological aspects of brain chemistry and anatomical composition influence thinking, is also still limited. Strong AI is unlikely to fully develop until these limits are exceeded, which some experts believe could be by the mid-21st century, while others speculate it could take hundreds of years to achieve.
The most recent advances in AI have been in narrow or weak AI, such as specific applications that can recognize human language or solve certain types of problems. Strong AI would combine these various aspects of artificial intelligence into a single program that can recognize external data, solve problems, and effectively behave intelligently. The exact nature of what defines intelligent behavior, however, has been the subject of much controversy and debate, leaving an exact definition of strong AI somewhat difficult to determine. Most people agree that such AI would be able to demonstrate the ability to learn new information, incorporate that information into prior knowledge, solve problems, and communicate in some way.
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