Sunstroke is caused by overexposure to the sun, leading to the body overheating and the brain losing control of the cooling process. Symptoms include confusion, lightheadedness, and fatigue. Sunstroke is more dangerous than heat exhaustion and requires immediate medical attention. Prevention includes staying in the shade, drinking cold water, and avoiding physical activity during the hottest parts of the day. High-risk individuals should take extra precautions.
Sunstroke occurs when the body overheats from overexposure to the sun and the brain cannot control the body’s cooling process. It is different and more dangerous than heatstroke. Both conditions cause confusion, lightheadedness, and fatigue, and shade and cool water on the skin help. However, it is much more serious as the body can control heat exhaustion somewhat by spreading blood flow to the extremities, but cannot control the effects of sunstroke and requires immediate medical help.
Sunstroke victims typically have hot, dry skin and a rapid pulse. They may lose consciousness as the brain struggles to regulate body temperature, but fails. Sunstroke victims always need medical help as soon as possible. Medical professionals need to be sure they are dealing with sunstroke and will need to safely lower body temperature and monitor fluid intake.
Rapid breathing, headaches, and body aches may occur along with hot, dry skin and rapid pulse when sunstroke. The victim may have slurred speech and be in a state of confusion which may even cause them to lash out violently. These symptoms can evolve into hallucinations and lack of consciousness.
Preventive precautions to avoid this condition should be taken whenever possible. When temperatures are high, don’t plan on spending a lot of time in the sun. Spending a lot of physical energy in the sun for extended periods can cause sunstroke to go even faster. Make sure you always have cold water to drink and splash on your skin, and spend some time in the shade. Working early in the morning before the sun is at its hottest is a great idea if possible.
People with health problems, as well as very young, very old and overweight people are often particularly susceptible to sunstroke and should avoid spending too much time in the sun. If staying indoors or in a cool place isn’t an option, you should wear loose, light-colored clothing and a wide-brimmed hat, and drink water regularly. It’s important to drink water on hot days even when you’re not thirsty, as it helps the body stay cool for longer.
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