The black box model is a system where input and output can be observed, but the processing is unseen. It is used in computer programming, financial planning, and human behavior analysis. It was in use in the 1940s and is often used to preserve company secrets.
The black box model is a term used in several sciences and fields of study, although in each of them it generally refers to the same basic concept. In essence, a black box system simply describes any kind of model or system in which input can be input or observed and output can be collected or received, but the processing occurs unseen. In other words, input enters a system and output leaves the system, but the process by which that input is considered to generate output is not observed and is usually not fully understood. The black box model is often used in computer programming, financial planning, and the study of human behavior.
While the precise origin of this model is not known with absolute certainty, it was in use in the 1940s and has been associated with several different fields of investigation. In computers and programming, it typically refers to a program or hardware configuration in which input can be entered and output can be received regardless of the processing that occurs. It is often used in test programs to ensure that certain types of input generate the correct output, but without looking at the actual processing.
A black box model can also often be used by one company to test hardware or program on hardware that belongs to another company. For example, a new video game may be developed on new hardware that does not belong to the company developing the game. The company will use a black box model to create input by entering the game and seeing the desired output, but without fully understanding the hardware they are working with. This is often done to preserve company secrets and the confidentiality of new hardware under development.
Financial planners and investors will often use this type of model for their investments as well. In this type of system some parameters are set for the investments to be made or for the sale of the shares. When the parameters are met, the system automatically takes the appropriate action. This sets up the input and observes the output, but typically a person is never aware of the actual process being used.
A black box model is often used by behaviorists when human thought and behavior are also considered. The human mind is considered a black box in this type of analysis, where a psychologist can say things to a person, the input, and get feedback from the person, the output. The actual cognitive process that occurs in the person is never observed, behaviorists argue, and should therefore not be considered when analyzing human behavior.
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