The free androgen index measures testosterone levels by calculating the ratio of testosterone to a sex hormone-binding protein. It is used to treat testosterone deficiency in men and low or high levels in women, and can help doctors treat low libido, osteoporosis, and ovarian disorders. High levels could indicate polycystic ovary syndrome, a hormonal disorder linked to excess androgens. Hormone replacement therapy containing estrogen and testosterone is used to address risks associated with menopause, but may have side effects.
The free androgen index measures normal or abnormal levels of testosterone by calculating the ratio of testosterone to a sex hormone-binding protein called globulin. The test is used to treat testosterone deficiency in men and low or high levels in women. Free androgen index results could help doctors treat low libido, osteoporosis and ovarian disorders. The index is also used in fertility tests.
Testosterone is secreted by the testicles in men, with most of the hormone binding to proteins, which aids in its distribution throughout the body. Men who have a low level of this index may suffer from erectile dysfunction and low sex drive. They may also feel tired and lose bone mass.
Women also produce testosterone in the ovaries and adrenal glands, but in small amounts. The Free Androgen Index tests for testosterone overproduction in women showing signs of elevated male sex hormones. As levels rise, women may begin to grow facial and body hair, have irregular menstrual cycles, and cease ovulation on a predictable schedule. These disorders could make it difficult for women of childbearing age to conceive.
High testosterone levels shown on the free androgen index could also indicate polycystic ovary syndrome, a hormonal disorder linked to excess androgens. The ovaries commonly become enlarged and many small cysts may develop. More than half of women diagnosed with PCOS are also obese, with high levels of androgens. The disorder is also linked to diabetes, stroke and heart disease.
Testosterone in the human body is measured in three ways. Free testosterone is not bound to any protein, while some testosterone may be loosely bound to globulin. The free androgen index determines the ratio of free testosterone to tightly or loosely bound sex hormone binding proteins. This measurement reveals whether androgen levels are within the normal range.
Postmenopausal women commonly show increased androgen levels as estrogen decreases during menopause. The condition could contribute to loss of sex drive and osteoporosis, a disorder that causes bones to become thin and brittle. Some women use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which contains estrogen and testosterone to address these risks. The hormones are available in oral form, androgen implants and patches.
Side effects of HRT include fluid retention and possibly lower levels of healthy cholesterol which could protect against heart disease. Studies on the effects of estrogen and testosterone drugs on breast cancer are conflicting. Some studies show an increased risk of developing breast cancer in women who use HRT, while other research shows no link between hormonal supplements and breast cancer.
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