Hill committees are groups of US lawmakers who meet on Capitol Hill to discuss policy. There are three types of formal committees: standing, select, and joint. Political party committees deal with election and administration issues. Hill committees direct policy initiatives, oversee government agencies, and approve bills. Subcommittees research bills before the entire committee votes. Political party committees organize electoral strategy.
A Hill committee is a group of United States lawmakers who meet on Capitol Hill to convene proceedings on a matter of policy. Committee members can be senators, representatives, or a mix of both. For each of Hill’s three types of formal committee, there is a structure and set of rules governing how the committee meets and conducts business. There are also political party committees that deal with issues on Capitol Hill involving the election and administration of Senators and Representatives. Political party committees for the Legislature play a critical role in political party structure, especially with regard to electoral strategy.
The US Legislature has three types of Hill committee: the standing committee, select committee, and joint committee. A Standing Committee works continuously to manage the legislative tasks within its competence. A Select Committee meets to discuss a one-time issue or to investigate a particular matter. A joint committee may have the duties of a standing or select committee, only that it does so as a joint act of Congress, rather than solely as a House or Senate committee.
Both the Senate and the House of Representatives operate in a committee structure. The Hill committee is responsible for directing policy initiatives, overseeing various government agencies and organizations, and expeditiously reviewing and approving bills before all members of both houses of Congress vote. For example, the House Ways and Means Committee oversees government expenditures for all branches of government, while the Armed Services Committee handles oversight and legislation related to all branches of the United States military. The Commerce Committee is responsible for overseeing and legislative duties associated with the nation’s commercial economy, from small businesses and large corporations to the stock market.
For a political party, a Hill committee organizes political and electoral strategy for all party members in a particular house of Congress. For example, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee handles a variety of tasks for electing and advocating Democratic congressmen. The DCCC recruits potential candidates, manages fundraising, manages strategy, and develops a comprehensive political message for all candidates in an election. The GOP has an equivalent party committee structure.
Legislative Hill committees have a research, or discovery, phase when considering a bill. Often, a subcommittee, made up of several members of the general committee, meets to carry out this research and solicit input from experts and various officials. Once a bill passes a subcommittee, the entire committee meets to consider the matter. If the entire committee votes to pass a bill, it is voted on by the entire House or the Senate. If the committee votes against the bill, it will not be considered again unless the head of the committee deems it necessary.
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