Juvenile justice laws in India and the United States aim to provide fair rehabilitation for young offenders, with specific regulations for minors. The Juvenile Justice Act in India protects minors’ identities from being revealed in the media, while the US act prohibits holding juveniles in adult facilities and requires attention to minority youth in the justice system. Violations of these laws result in jail time and fines. Exceptions may be made for special circumstances, such as minors charged as adults.
Juvenile justice law can refer to one of several things. One is known as the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 which was passed in India to prevent the names and information of children from being printed in any public media when they were in protective custody for any reason. Also in India, the Juvenile Justice Act 1986 provides government guidance for the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. A similar act, the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, was passed in the United States for the same reasons.
One of the main purposes of the Juvenile Justice Act in India and the similar one in the United States is to provide equitable and adequate rehabilitation for juveniles in the criminal justice system. This includes fair treatment, access to counseling and other necessary tools, and home environment surveys to ensure that adequate care is taken to give the child a suitable environment for rehabilitation. What constitutes a fair deal can vary by location.
The US Juvenile Justice Act has four separate parts, each of which regulates a matter relating to minors. Youths who run away from caregivers’ homes cannot be held in a jail or juvenile or adult prison. It is also illegal for juveniles to be held in contact with adult detainees and should not be held in the same facilities as adults except in very limited and temporary circumstances. Additionally, states are required to take note of the issue with minority youth who are overrepresented in the justice system. This may mean funding youth programs targeted at minorities and fairer sentences for minority minors.
India’s latest Juvenile Justice Act is meant to protect minors from revealing their identity in any news outlet, magazine or website. This includes information such as names, addresses, phone numbers, pictures, schools and relatives. Not only does this protect them from potential harm, but it also protects children and their families from potential media harassment.
Violations of any applicable juvenile justice laws warrant jail time for offenders, as well as fines. Sometimes both punishments are applicable. Exceptions may be made if special permission is granted by the authority’s government officials or caregivers of the children involved. In most areas, a minor is considered to be a person under the legal age of adulthood, which is typically 18 years of age. Special circumstances may arise, such as a minor being charged as an adult with a serious crime, even though they will likely still be in custody with the minors until age 18.
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