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Computer networks use standard protocols and communication layers based on the OSI model. The physical layer is responsible for hardware and cable pinning configuration standards, encoding computer information into electronic signals, and defining specifications for electronic signals transmitted over network cables. It also includes wireless and fiber optic specifications and ensures message quality and acceptance by the receiving device. The physical layer is essential for proper communication between devices on a network.
Computer networks are designed based on standard protocols and communication layers. These networking standards are typically derived from the Open Standards Interconnection (OSI) model. Each layer within the communication standard is designed for a specific purpose and process. The physical layer is the actual hardware layer of the communication network. This level defines the cable pinning configuration standards and physical design for copper wires in network cables.
When a computer message is sent on the physical layer, it requires a special encoding process. This is where computer information is transformed from data bits into electronic signals that are interpreted through network hardware. It is considered the lowest level of the network stack because it is responsible for sending the actual message on the network hardware device.
Each type of network design has a specific frequency and protocol. A network cable is responsible for converting communication into electronic signals. The physical layer defines the specifications for the electronic signal that is transmitted over the network cable. This includes the default frequency and cable length which ensure proper communication between devices.
The physical layer is not limited to a copper wire configuration. Also includes wireless and fiber optic specifications. The definition is intended to outline how computer programs should transmit messages between computers using specific frequencies and protocols.
In addition to the transmission protocol, the physical layer also defines how to receive a message correctly. This defines how a network device should interpret signals from another device on the network. Both the sender and receiver of messages must follow protocols to ensure acceptance of data packets transmitted over the network.
The network protocol is similar to a telephone system. One specific wire is used for a headset, while another wire is used for the microphone. Within a network, messages are transmitted on a specific frequency and received by the monitoring device. Once the message is received, a response message is sent to the sending device acknowledging receipt of the message.
The physical layer also includes standards to ensure message quality and acceptance by the receiving device. Clock reset is an example of a standard for acknowledging receipt of messages within the physical layer. The clock recovery system is a predefined time within which a message must be received and replied to within the network. If the receiving application does not send a confirmation message within a predefined time period, the sending device assumes that the message failed.
