The prenatal period lasts for 40 weeks and is divided into three trimesters. During this time, the embryo develops into a viable human baby. The first trimester is marked by physical and emotional changes, while the second trimester focuses on growth and development. The third trimester sees further maturation of the fetus and discussions about delivery options.
The term prenatal period refers to the time in pregnancy between conception and birth. It lasts for 40 weeks, which is about nine months. It is divided into three quarters, with each quarter lasting approximately three months. During this time, the embryo develops into a fetus and then a viable human baby. There are many changes in both mother and baby during the prenatal period, including weight gain in both and physical and hormonal changes in each.
During the first trimester of the prenatal period, a woman goes through many physical and emotional changes. This period generally begins with a missed period, which leads to a positive pregnancy test. During the first trimester, your doctor will set a due date for your baby and may do an ultrasound to ensure proper fetal development. The mother-to-be will likely experience morning sickness and food cravings during the first trimester. Hormonal changes can cause mood changes such as crying easily or extreme euphoria.
Fetal development during the first trimester is remarkable. Conception occurs when a sperm and an egg unite. These cells grow and multiply immensely during the first few weeks of the prenatal period. By the end of the first trimester, key organs have begun to develop, including the brain, heart and lungs.
The second part of the prenatal period is referred to as the second trimester. The risk of miscarriage is greatly reduced at this point, and the unpleasant symptoms of morning sickness usually fade away. At this point, the new mother may feel the need to urinate more frequently due to the pressure caused by the growing fetus. Pregnancy tends to become apparent to others at this point and maternity clothes are typically needed now. All of the important organs have already formed in the fetus and this trimester focuses on further growth and development of these vital body systems.
The final stage of the prenatal period is the third trimester. The new mother may begin to feel anxious about the arrival of the baby or the imminent labor process. Leg cramps and mild twitching are common at this time. Heartburn and back pain may also be present. The doctor will begin discussing delivery options with the new mom at this stage of the pregnancy.
The body systems of the fetus continue to mature in the third trimester. Early labor is possible at this point and the chances of infant survival are high. Lung development greatly increases during this time, and most of the body hair has disappeared.
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