Thyrotoxicosis is caused by excessive thyroid hormone production, often related to hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease. Symptoms include sweating, tremors, and increased heart rate. Treatment options include drugs, surgery, and radioactive iodine. If left untreated, it can lead to thyroid storms, a dangerous condition that requires immediate treatment.
Thyrotoxicosis is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland makes excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, leading to high levels in the bloodstream. The syndrome is often related to hyperthyroidism, in which the thyroid gland produces excess hormones. It can also be caused by certain diseases or conditions that stimulate the thyroid gland to release extra stored hormones. The two hormones involved are free thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
One of the most common diseases causing hyperthyroidism leading to thyrotoxicosis is Graves’ disease. This is an autoimmune disease that causes the thyroid gland to generate excessive amounts of hormones. It is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter.
Another problem that can often cause thyrotoxicosis is thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid gland. There are various causes for this, including infections and autoimmune diseases. Sometimes women suffer from postpartum thyroiditis, which leads to hyperthyroidism during the first year after giving birth, although it is usually only for a limited time.
Various other problems can also be the source of thyrotoxicosis. Benign tumors or thyroid adenomas and multinodular goiters can become toxic and cause the creation of excess hormones. Medications and radiation treatments may also be contributing factors.
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis typically include sweating, tremors, and an increased heart rate. Patients may also experience anxiety and hypersensitivity to heat. Some sufferers may feel hungrier than usual, but they will also lose weight. In the case of Graves’ disease, additional symptoms may include goiter and swelling of the eyes.
The first step towards diagnosis is usually a physical exam. If the patient’s symptoms and physical state indicate thyrotoxicosis, the doctor will likely order a blood test. Low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and high levels of thyroxine or triiodothyronine confirm the diagnosis.
Several treatment options are available. Drugs that inhibit the production of thyroid hormones, called thyrostatics, may be used. Beta blockers may also be used, although they only treat the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, not the cause. Sometimes surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland is recommended. Radioactive iodine can also be used to kill overproduction thyroid cells.
If left untreated, thyrotoxicosis can lead to thyroid storms or thyrotoxic crises. This is a very dangerous condition that occurs when hormone levels in the blood reach extremely high levels. Patients suffer from high blood pressure, rapid heart rate and high fever. Thyroid storm must be treated immediately, as it can lead to death.
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