Lupus tumidus is a rare subtype of autoimmune disease that primarily affects the skin, causing dry, non-itchy rashes during flare-ups. It is likely caused by genetic and environmental factors, and symptoms can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Diagnosis can be difficult, and treatment is lifelong.
Lupus is a common type of autoimmune disease that can cause painful inflammation in various parts of the body. A rare subtype of the disease, lupus tumidus, primarily affects the outer and inner layers of the skin. Dry, non-itchy rashes can develop anywhere on the body during a lupus flare-up, but skin problems are usually isolated to the scalp, face, neck, or chest. Most cases are relatively mild and only cause outbreaks a few times a year, although some people experience chronic rashes and other related symptoms. The condition can usually be controlled by taking precautions against known triggers and using topical anti-inflammatory creams during active episodes.
Doctors aren’t sure what causes lupus tumid to develop, but the disorder is likely due to both genetic and environmental factors. Most people who develop symptoms have a family history of lupus, chronic dermatitis, or another type of autoimmune disease. Environmental triggers such as sun exposure, hot air, smoking, and some medications increase the likelihood of outbreaks in genetically predisposed people. Women between the ages of 20 and 50 are at the highest risk of developing the condition for reasons that aren’t fully understood.
An active outbreak typically involves the appearance of a red, dry patch of skin. The rash usually does not itch, although it can be tender and cause radiant heat and pain. Raised bumps or ring-shaped lesions may also be present. Unlike dermatitis outbreaks, lupus rashes don’t feel scaly and are usually smooth to the touch. Other possible symptoms include easy fatigue and exhaustion in hot weather, headaches, and joint pain.
Because lupus tumid is a rare condition, it can be difficult to get a proper diagnosis right away. A dermatologist who specializes in autoimmune disorders can closely inspect the rash and ask about symptoms. He or she may take blood samples and skin biopsies to look for signs of unusual autoimmune activity in the body. The patient and doctor work together to try to identify specific environmental triggers.
There is no cure for lupus tumidus, although medications and lifestyle changes can provide significant symptom relief. Patients are instructed to avoid known triggers as best they can, such as staying out of the summer heat and wearing protective clothing and sunscreen when venturing outdoors. Corticosteroid creams are often prescribed to relieve pain and redness during an active attack. Some patients get better on their own as they age, but lupus tumidus requires lifelong treatment for most people.
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