Water abstraction is the artificial removal of water from its natural environment for various purposes. Methods include drilling wells, irrigation, and pumping. Regulations are necessary to prevent negative consequences such as depletion of water sources and damage to natural bodies of water.
Water abstraction is a term used to define the process by which water in its natural environment can be artificially removed through some sort of man-made structure or through the process of changing the flow of water from its usual course to some other course that the people responsible for the diversion may have set. This process of extracting water is an ancient one dating back many centuries and can be accomplished in many ways, for many purposes. The exact means of extracting water depends on many variables which include the purpose of the extraction, the location, the type of laws in effect regarding the procedure, and the type of resources available for the extraction process.
An example of a means by which water extraction can occur is one that is very common in many countries around the world, and also one that has been around for millennia. This process occurs through the excavation of a well in the ground until it reaches the water table which is located at various degrees below the surface of the ground, depending on the location. Once this table has been reached, those responsible for drilling the hole will be able to reach the water and draw from it for multiple purposes, including for drinking, domestic or other use. Another application of this method is through the development of an irrigation process for agricultural crops whereby such water will be drawn from some type of main flow point which may be a body of water, or through the drilling of holes below the ground surface.
Another type of water extraction method popular in some developing countries of the world is drilling holes from which water will be pumped to the surface through some kind of machine. As can be seen from the foregoing, some sort of regulation is needed to guide the abstraction of water through various sources due to the negative consequences associated with rampant water removal or diversion. Some of these negative factors include excessive abstraction of water in that area until the water table drops to a level that will not be easily accessible, or how that abstraction affects the level of other natural bodies of water, such as rivers and streams. To this end, many countries have many laws and regulations specifically targeting this area.
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