Sleep is necessary for survival, but scientists are still unsure of all its functions. Theories include restoring and healing the body, refreshing the brain, and conserving and protecting humans from threats. Sleep deprivation can lead to immune system deficiencies and decreased brain mass.
Sleep is a natural state of rest for members of the animal kingdom. Scientists have observed the sleep of mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians. While we’re still not entirely sure how sleep works, nor are we convinced that we understand all of sleep’s functions, scientists have become convinced that sleep is necessary for survival.
There are a number of theories about why we sleep and what happens in our bodies and brains during our sleep cycles. However, there is currently no predominant theory. It is entirely possible that there is some truth to each of these theories; which will ultimately all work together to inform a more comprehensive understanding of human sleep.
Most scientists agree that one of the primary purposes of sleep is to restore and heal the body. Hormonal and immune functions have been observed to change during specific phases of the sleep cycle. Additionally, some studies have shown that sleep deprivation can lead to immune system deficiencies. Although some believe that significant growth can take place during sleep, there have been no studies showing that lack of sleep can stunt or stunt growth.
It has also been hypothesized that sleep provides important refreshment to the brain. It is possible that neurons are restored, proteins of the brain and certain hormones are produced. Some scientists believe that sleep is especially important for the brains of young humans. Sleep deprivation early in life has led to decreased brain mass, permanent sleep disturbances, and behavioral problems. Although many scientists believe that the primary function of sleep is not to restore or enhance our memory capabilities, it has been observed that people are more likely to retain information if they have had enough sleep than if they are sleep deprived.
A completely alternative theory to those described above is the “Conservation and Protection” theory of sleep. This theory states that humans do not require the full 24-hour period within each day to meet basic needs such as gathering needed food and supplies, eating, and reproducing. Since the full 24 hours are not needed, sleep offers a moment of rest when humans are not out from the elements and therefore exposed to threats. Just as caveman is less likely to be attacked by a jaguar while hiding in his sleeping space, modern man is less likely to be hit by a bus while sleeping in his apartment than he is. This theory, of course, doesn’t postulate what happens inside our bodies and brains while we sleep.
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