Bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapple, is primarily used as a meat tenderizer and in leather manufacturing. It has anti-inflammatory properties and may be effective in treating pain, swelling, and cardiovascular disease. Studies on its effectiveness in treating sinusitis, bronchitis, arthritis, cancer, and HIV have been promising. Fresh pineapple is the best source of bromelain, but it is destroyed by cooking, and pasteurized juice does not contain it. There is no scientific evidence to support claims that bromelain and pineapple aid weight loss. They are generally safe for consumption, but those taking anticoagulant medications should consult a physician before use.
The enzyme bromelain from pineapple is widely used as a meat tenderizer and as a component in leather manufacturing. Bromelain and pineapple have been recommended components in many weight loss supplements, but these fat burning claims are not supported by scientific evidence. Studies have indicated that bromelain may be effective in treating pain, swelling or bruising and in helping to control cardiovascular disease.
Bromelain was first identified by Venezuelan chemist Vicente Marcano in 1891. Initially, the protein-dissolving enzyme was used as a meat tenderizer, and that remains its primary use. By the mid-20th century, it was being used as a nutritional supplement for its anti-inflammatory properties. Promising studies of bromelain and pineapple suggest that other health benefits could be achieved.
As a natural remedy, bromelain and pineapple are most often recommended to reduce inflammation. Studies indicate that the enzyme may reduce swelling and control pain caused by injury, but experts disagree on its effectiveness and more research may be needed. Bruises also seem to heal faster when treated with the enzyme.
Other forms of swelling have also been treated with bromelain and pineapple. Studies on the effectiveness of the enzyme in sinusitis and bronchitis are promising. Arthritis patients can also find relief when they take bromelain.
The anticoagulant properties make bromelain potentially useful in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as angina. Studies indicate that symptoms are reduced or even completely gone while one is taking the supplement. The enzyme might also help reduce the cholesterol plaque that lines blood vessels.
Researchers in the areas of cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment have also looked at bromelain, and the results have been promising. The enzyme could help the body produce cytokines, hormones related to the immune response. Studies have not been able to assess what effect, if any, the enzyme has on survival or quality of life.
Fresh pineapple is a source of bromelain, along with other important vitamins and nutrients. The richest sources of bromelain are the stem and core of the pineapple, not the edible flesh. Also, cooking destroys bromelain, so pineapple must be eaten fresh and raw if it is to be a source of the enzyme. Pasteurized pineapple juice does not contain bromelain.
Bromelain and pineapple have no proven weight loss effects. They are generally considered safe for human consumption, with no dangerous side effects other than the observed allergic reaction, although they are not recommended for patients suffering from ulcers. Patients who regularly take anticoagulant medications should be aware of the anticoagulant properties of bromelain. Consultation with a physician is recommended before treating a serious condition with this or any other supplement.
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